1. Aim: What Philosophical changes to the economy did the Industrial Revolution help to spur on?
Title: Evolution of Socialism
Do Now: Write down what you know about the Industrial Revolution and how it affected both employers and their workers.
Focus on the conflict that arose between the
two classes: Bourgeoisie v. Proletariats.

2. Key things to keep in mind:
Industrial Revolution
Unfair treatment
Unlivable/working conditions
No representation = no unions
Class distinctions: Bourgeoisie (middle class/rich/bosses/factory owners) vs. Proletariats (working class, poor, etc.) = Rich got richer, while the poor got….. well, you get the point.
The rich utilized laissez-faire capitalism to their great advantage

3. Communist Manifesto Reading
Bourgeois oppresses Proletariat
Bourgeois
Upper Class
Proletarians
Working Class
Ancient Rome: Patricians, Knights
Middle Ages: Feudal Lords, Vassals, Guildmasters
Ancient Rome: Plebeians, Slaves
Middle Ages: Journeymen, Apprentices, Serts

4. Today’s Focus:
We will examine how the ideas of social reform emerged as a result of the uneven distribution of wealth caused by the Industrial Revolution.

5. OBJECTIVE I
Quietly please (Shhh!!!): Carefully review/actively read the handout – Yes, MARK IT UP!!!
Comparing & contrasting varying economic & related political systems: Capitalism vs. Socialism vs. Communism.

6. OBJECTIVE I (continued)
Transfer the graphic organizers pictured below onto a blank piece of paper.
Complete reading on capitalism, socialism, and communism and complete the organizer.
Characteristics
Capitalism
Socialism
Communism
Is ownership private or public?
How is society organized?
Social Objectives
Economic Objectives
Political System

7. OBJECTIVE II: Ideological Differences
Economic Ideologies
Communism Socialism Capitalism Laissez Faire
Political Ideology
Totalitarianism Democracy

8. Ideology Rock-Paper-Scissors
Directions/Rules
Find a partner
Play 3 rounds of rock-paper-scissors (1 round=best out of three shoots)
At the end each round, the loser must give the winner one piece of their candy
Odds and Ends
In game, candy=money and winning=hard work (therefore, the harder your work the more money you receive and vise versa)

9. Ideology Rock-Paper-Scissors
What economic system was enacted at the beginning of the game before you began playing? What are some problems that may arise from this system?
What economic ideology was enacted while playing the game? What problems may arise from this system?
Which economic ideology was represented as I redistributed the candy? What problems may arise from this system?
Why did these economic/political ideologies emerge after the Industrial Revolution (think class tensions)?

10. Political and Economic Ideologies
Capitalism
Economic system in which money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit, economic liberty guarantees economic progress
ADAM SMITH Father of modern capitalism

11. Political and Economic Ideologies
Socialism
Factors of production are owned by public and operate for the welfare of all
Government actively plans economy
Other socialist ideas include
Bentham
UTILITARIANSIM judge ideas, institutions and actions on the basis of their utility or usefulness
Government should provide the greatest good for the greatest amount of people

12. Political and Economic Ideologies
Karl Marx
Believed that economic forces controlled society
Wrote the Communist Manifesto (1848) calling for “workers of the world unite” and overthrow the “bourgeoisie”
Radical socialism called Marxist
Gap between rich and poor too wide and will widen
More control over economy will reduce class conflict

13. Communist Manifesto Reading
Bourgeois oppresses Proletariat
Bourgeois
Upper Class
Proletarians
Working Class
Ancient Rome: Patricians, Knights
Middle Ages: Feudal Lords, Vassals, Guildmasters
Ancient Rome: Plebeians, Slaves
Middle Ages: Journeymen, Apprentices, Serts

14. Marxism Factories drive small artisans out of business
Small # of manufacturers to control wealth
Large PROTELTARIAT would revolt & seize factories

15. Marxism Proletariats would produce what was NEEDED
Workers would share profits
Creation of economic equality

16. Marxism
Workers would control gov’t in “Dictatorship of the Proletariat”
Create cooperative living and education
The state/government would wither away = classless society

17. Political and Economic Ideologies
Karl Marx (cont.)
Marx’s final phase would become
COMMUNISM
Complete form of socialism in which the means of production owned by the people
No private property
Classless society
All goods and services shared equally

18. Political and Economic Ideologies
Karl Marx (cont.)
Marx’s ideas of communism didn’t have much appeal until 20th century
Lenin’s Russia
Mao’s China
Ho Chi Minh’s Vietnam
Castro’s Cuba
Most of Marx’s predictions never occurred proving that society is not just controlled by economic forces but also by religion, nationalism and political forces

19. Use the information from reading and your chart above to accurately place the economic systems on the Economic Spectrum below….
System: ___________
Description: _______________
System: ______________
Description:
______________

20. OBJECTIVE 1 What are the means of production?
What is Socialism? List and then examine some of the primary characteristics of Socialism?
What led socialists and other groups to believe that government should control the means of production?

21. Capital and equipment used to produce and exchange goods
Man’s/individual greed/corruption/unfair treatment towards the “common man”, etc.

22. Socialism
Socialists – viewed the capitalist system as inherently wrong
Belief that capitalism is designed to create poverty and poor working conditions because of its end goal of earning maximum profits for investors
Socialism – government owns the means of production
Belief that if the government (“the people”) owns the means of production, these factories and industries will function in the public (as opposed to private) interest

23. OBJECTIVE III 1. Let’s try to analyze the philosophy and influences of Robert Owen, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels, see pp Create a three-column chart (similar to the one shown) - Below, list and then examine their philosophy & influences.
Social/economical philosophers
Philosophy
Influences
Karl Marx
Robert Owen
Friedrich Engels

24. Early Socialist Movement
First socialists were Utopians
Strove to create a fair and just system
Community divided tasks and rewards equitably
Robert Owen
Charles Fourier
Claude Saint-Simon
Louis Blanc

25. Robert Owen (1771-1858) Utopian socialist
Owned a textile factory in New Lanark, Scotland
Set up a model community in New Harmony, Indiana
Decreased working hours
Improved working conditions and employee housing
Shared management and profits with employees
Proved that a socialist-based company could be profitable

26. Karl Marx (1818-1883) German socialist (communist) philosopher
Forced to leave Prussia for articles attacking the Prussian government
Relocated to France where he was considered too radical
Wrote Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels (1848)
Relocated to England where he lived out the rest of his life
Wrote Das Kapital – the “bible” of socialism (1867)
“Religion is the opiate of the people.”
Belief that religion is designed to keep people submissive to those in power by promising them that their reward is in heaven

27. OBJECTIVE IV
1. What do you know about communism? (reference HW #13) - Express your opinions to this economical system. - Please justify your points with hard found facts, examples, and evidence.

28. Marxism – Communism Economic Interpretation of History Class Struggle
Economic changes lead to historical changes.
Historically, the wealthy classes have held all power.
Economic Interpretation of History
History has been a struggle between the rich and the poor.
In the Industrial Revolution, the struggle is between the capitalists (owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (workers).
Class Struggle
Workers produce all wealth but receive only enough to survive.
“Surplus value” (profit) of the workers’ labor goes to the capitalists.
Surplus Value
Industrial wealth leads to the concentration of wealth among fewer and fewer capitalists, while the living and working conditions of the proletariat grow worse.
The proletariat will eventually rebel and create a socialist state.
Inevitability of Socialism
Note: Anti-Marxists might argue that Marx has been proven wrong because working conditions have improved. Marxists might argue that the struggle of the proletariat is not yet over. Still others might argue that Marx was right in some respects and wrong in others; that is, no truly socialist state has ever been created, but governments have established many socialist-type reforms and institutions. An interesting class activity is to have students create two lists—one listing the industries the federal government does control, and another listing those businesses which remain privately owned. This discussion should get interesting once the class starts discussing the federal government’s involvement with industries such as banking and automobile manufacturing following the recession of late 2008.
Note: Marx referred to himself as a “communist” to separate himself from Utopian socialists.

29. Communism Rationale Goals Overthrow the bourgeois “supremacy”
Abolition (get rid of) private property
Rationale
Working class works to produce capital (money) which allows bourgeois to acquire more personal property and therefore control working class

30. Socialist and Communist Political Parties
First International
Founded by Marx and others in 1864
International Workingmen’s Association
Urged proletariat to overthrow capitalism worldwide
Broke apart in 1873
Second International
Founded in 1889
National parties more concerned with the politics of their respective nations
Broke apart during World War I
Russian Revolution (1917)
Communists – known as Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, came to power following the overthrow of the tsar
Left and right wings
Socialists – right wingers – advocated socialist reforms through voting
Communists – left wingers – advocated socialist reforms through revolution
Political parties of both types have existed throughout Europe, the United States, and all over the world since around the turn of the last century
Note: The modern political meanings of “socialism” and “communism” vary somewhat from their historical meanings. An interesting student activity is to have students locate the political platforms of the Socialist and Communist parties of the United States, comparing and contrasting them.

31. OBJECTIVE V Draw the following web diagram:
Complete the diagram by identifying the competing ideas that arose out of Marxism and their characteristics.
Students’ diagrams should include information that identifies the roles of both people and government.

32. OBJECTIVE VI
Complete guided reading 22.5.

33. Review Questions
Explain Marxism in terms of the economic interpretation of history, class struggle, surplus value, and the inevitability of socialism.
Most modern industrialized nations possess some degree of socialism. Comparing the United States to countries such as China, France, and Great Britain, should the United States increase or decrease its number and scope of social programs and government ownership of industry? Why or why not?