1. Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life
Chapter 2

2. Atoms Combine to Form Molecules
Energy is the capacity to do work
Joining atoms into molecules requires energy
Stored energy = potential energy
Separating atoms from molecules releases energy that is stored in the broken bonds
Energy in motion, doing work = kinetic energy .
Slide 2.3

3. Chemical Bonds
Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen

4. Water
Chapter 3

5. Life Depends on Water
Water molecules are polar (they have slight electrical charges) + + -
Slide 2.6

6. Water High Specific Heat High heat of vaporization Evaporitive Cooling
Adhesion/Cohesion
Less dense as a solid
Water is an excellent solvent

8. Water Keeps Ions in Solution
Figure 2.8
Slide 2.8

9. pH Scale Acids donate H+ ions (HCl & H2SO4) Bases donate OH- ions
(NaOH & KOH)

10. The following are pH values: cola-2; orange juice-3; beer-4; coffee-5; human blood-7.4. Which of these liquids has the highest molar concentration of OH-?
cola
orange juice
beer
coffee
human blood
Answer: e
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #18

11. Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water, the solute molecule is most likely *
positively charged.
negatively charged.
neutral in charge.
hydrophobic.
nonpolar.
Answer: b
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #22
Discussion Notes for the Instructor
The key to this question is the orientation of the water molecules that are interacting with the solute molecule. Choices C, D, and E are eliminated because the water molecules are hydrogen bonding with the solute. This implies the solute is charged. Since it is the hydrogens of the water molecules that are interacting with the solute the solute must be negatively charged.
There are several questions which can be asked to guide the discussion of this question including:
Are the water molecules interacting with the solute?
What is/are the orientation/s of the water molecules relative to the solute molecule?
What are the charges on the various components of a water molecule?
Using these questions as an outline, discussion of the choices might look like this:
Choice A, the hydrogens of the water molecule, which have a partial positive charge, are interacting with the solute. Like charges repel
Choice B, correct
Choice C, if the solute was neutrally charged the water molecules, being polar, would try to avoid interacting with the solute
Choice D, similar to Choice C
Choice E, similar to Choice C

12. If the pH of a solution is increased from pH 8 to pH 9, it means that the
concentration of H+ is 10 times greater than what it was at pH 8.
concentration of H+ is 100 times less than what it was at pH 8.
concentration of OH- is 10 times greater than what it was at pH 8.
concentration of OH- is 100 times less than what it was at pH 8.
concentration of H+ is greater and the concentration of OH- is less than at pH 8.
Answer: c
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #43

13. Macromolecules
Chapters 4 & 5

14. Elements of Living Organisms
Table 2.2
Slide 2.5

17. Making and Breaking Biological Macromolecules: Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis
Figure 2.13
Slide 2.13

18. Dehydration Synthesis is the Reverse of Hydrolysis
Removes equivalent of a water molecule to link molecular units
Requires energy (Process of ANABOLISM)
Hydrolysis
Adds the equivalent of a water molecule to break apart macromolecules
Releases energy (Process of CATABOLISM)
Slide 2.14

19. Name the reaction
Dehydration synthesis

20. Condensation reaction/Hydrolysis

21. Name the Organic Molecule
Polysaccharide: Cellulose, Starch or Glycogen

22. Monosaccharide monomer

23. Fatty Acid, Triglyceride

24. Phospholipid = Phosphate head (polar) + glycerol + 2 fatty acid tails (nonpolar)

25. Figure 5.12 Examples of saturated and unsaturated fats and fatty acids
Structural
formula of a
saturated fat
molecule
Stearic acid, a
saturated fatty
acid
(a) Saturated fat
Structural formula
of an unsaturated
fat molecule
Figure 5.12 Examples of saturated and unsaturated fats and fatty acids
Fatty acid tails that are saturated =no double bonds (bond max # of H) = straight tails & packed tightly together, solid at room temp
Fatty acid tails that are unsaturated = double bonds present (not max # of H) = bent tails & have more fluid movement amongst each other = liquid at room temp
Oleic acid, an
unsaturated
fatty acid
cis double
bond causes
bending
(b) Unsaturated fat

26. Steroid – Cholesterol-=4 fused rings w/ attached chemical groups

27. Nucleotide = sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), phosphate group, nitrogenous base (A, T, G, G, or U)
Nucleic acid- RNA

29. Polypeptide-primary structure of proteins

30. Secondary structure of a protein – alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

31. Tertiary & quaternary structures of proteins

32. Table 5-1
Table 5-1

33. What happens when a protein denatures?
What happens when a protein denatures?
It loses its primary structure.
It loses its secondary and tertiary structure.
It becomes irreversibly insoluble and precipitates.
It hydrolyzes into component amino acids.
Its hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and peptide bonds are disrupted.
Answer: All choices are correct, but reflect different levels of conformational change, with Choice B involving the smallest conformational change and Choice D involving the greatest.
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #6
Discussion Notes for the Instructor
There are several questions which can be asked to guide the discussion of this question including:
What does “denature” mean? (from glossary denaturation; for proteins, a process in which the protein unravels and loses its native conformation, thereby becoming biologically inactive)
What are the components of a protein?
What are the levels of protein structure?
What type of bonds are involved at each level?

34. Enzymes
Chapters 5 & 8

35. Energy and Metabolism

36. What is occurring in these Pictures?

38. Progress of the reaction
Fig. 8-UN2
Course of
reaction
without
enzyme EA
without
enzyme
EA with
enzyme
is lower
Reactants
Free energy
Course of
reaction
with enzyme
∆G is unaffected
by enzyme
Products
Progress of the reaction

39. Enzyme Action

41. Bottom picture shows the oscillation between inactive form of an enzyme & the active form of an enzyme w/ a substrate in one of its active sites.
Top right shows an activator( red ball) that stabilizes the enzyme into its active form-also an example of allosteric cooperativity b/c a conformational change to one subunit causes the same change to occur in all the others
& an inhibitor (black shape) that stabilizes it in its inactive form (also allosteric)
Inhibitors & activators are often part of feedback loops

42. Normally functioning enzyme
Competitive inhibition
Noncompetitive inhibition

43. AP Lab #2
Enzyme Catalysis

44. A solution of starch at room temperature does not decompose rapidly to a sugar solution because
the starch solution has less free energy than the sugar solution.
the hydrolysis of starch to sugar is endergonic.
the activation energy barrier cannot be surmounted in most of the starch molecules.
starch cannot be hydrolyzed in the presence of so much water.
starch hydrolysis is nonspontaneous.
Answer: c
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #32

45. Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following?
denaturization of the enzyme
allosteric inhibition
competitive inhibition
noncompetitive inhibition
insufficient cofactors
Answer: c
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #44

46. Which of the following represents the ∆G of the reaction?
Which of the following represents the ∆G of the reaction? a b c d e
Answer: d
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #56

47. Which of the following would be the same in an enzyme-catalyzed or -uncatalyzed reaction? a b c d e
Answer: d
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #57

48. Cell Structure & Function
Unit 2: The Cell
Cell Structure & Function
-different types of cells (Ch. 6)
-organelle functions (Ch. 6)
-membrane structure & transport (Ch. 7)

53. In which cell would you expect to find the most tight junctions?
In which cell would you expect to find the most tight junctions?
Muscle cell in the thigh muscle of a long-distance runner
Pancreatic cell that manufactures digestive enzymes
Macrophage (white blood cell) that engulfs bacteria
Epithelial cells lining the digestive tract
Ovarian cell that produces estrogen (a steroid hormone)
Answer: d
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #16

54. In which cell would you expect to find the most lysosomes?
Muscle cell in the thigh muscle of a long-distance runner
Pancreatic cell that manufactures digestive enzymes
Macrophage (white blood cell) that engulfs bacteria
Epithelial cells lining the digestive tract
Ovarian cell that produces estrogen (a steroid hormone)
Answer: b
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #17

56. ?

59. AP Lab #1
Osmosis & Diffusion

60. An artificial cell consisting of an aqueous solution enclosed in a selectively permeable membrane has just been immersed in a beaker containing a different solution. The membrane is permeable to water and to the simple sugars glucose and fructose but completely impermeable to the disaccharide sucrose.
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #14-18

61. Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell?
Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell?
sucrose
glucose
fructose
Answer: c
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #14-18

62. Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell?
Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell?
sucrose
glucose
fructose
Answer: b
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #14-18

63. Which solution is hypertonic to the other?
the cell contents
the environment
Answer: a
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #14-18

64. In which direction will there be a net osmotic movement of water?
In which direction will there be a net osmotic movement of water?
out of the cell
into the cell
neither
Answer: b
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #14-18

65. After the cell is placed in the beaker, which of the following changes will occur?
The artificial cell will become more flaccid.
The artificial cell will become more turgid.
The entropy of the system (cell plus surrounding solution) will decrease.
The overall free energy stored in the system will increase.
The membrane potential will decrease
Answer: b
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #14-18

66. A solution of 1 M glucose is separated by a selectively permeable membrane from a solution of 0.2 M fructose and 0.7 M sucrose. The membrane is not permeable to the sugar molecules. Which of the following statements is correct?
Side A is hypotonic relative to side B.
The net movement of water will be from side B to side A.
The net movement of water will be from side A to side B.
Side B is hypertonic relative to side A.
There will be no net movement of water.
Answer: B
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Interactive Question #8.5

67. Unit 2: The Cell-Cell Energy
Cellular Respiration (Ch. 9)
&
Photosynthesis (Ch. 10)

72. Electron transport chain 2 Chemiosmosis
Fig. 9-16 H+ H+ H+ H+
Protein complex
of electron
carriers
Cyt c V Q
 
ATP synthase 
2 H+ + 1/2O2
H2O
FADH2
FAD
NADH
NAD+
ADP + P
ATP
Figure 9.16 Chemiosmosis couples the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis i
(carrying electrons
from food) H+ 1
Electron transport chain 2
Chemiosmosis
Oxidative phosphorylation

74. AP Lab #5
Cellular Respiration

77. Electron transport chain
Fig
Electron
transport
chain
Primary
acceptor
Primary
acceptor 4 7
Electron transport chain Fd Pq e– 2 e– 8 e–
H2O e–
NADP+
+ H+
Cytochrome
complex
2 H+
NADP+
reductase + 3
1/2 O2
NADPH Pc e– e–
P700 5
P680
Light 1
Light 6 6
ATP
Figure How linear electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH
Pigment
molecules
Photosystem I
(PS I)
Photosystem II
(PS II)

78. (low H+ concentration) Cytochrome complex Photosystem II Photosystem I
Fig
STROMA
(low H+ concentration)
Cytochrome
complex
Photosystem II
Photosystem I
4 H+
Light
NADP+
reductase
Light Fd 3
NADP+ + H+ Pq
NADPH e– Pc e– 2
H2O 1
1/2 O2
THYLAKOID SPACE
(high H+ concentration)
+2 H+
4 H+ To
Calvin
Cycle
Figure The light reactions and chemiosmosis: the organization of the thylakoid membrane
Thylakoid
membrane
ATP
synthase
STROMA
(low H+ concentration)
ADP +
ATP P i H+

79. Figure 10.18 The Calvin cycle
Input 3
(Entering one
at a time)
CO2
Phase 1: Carbon fixation
Rubisco 3 P P
Short-lived
intermediate 3 P P 6 P
Ribulose bisphosphate
(RuBP)
3-Phosphoglycerate 6
ATP
6 ADP
3 ADP
Calvin
Cycle 6 3 P P
ATP
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 6
NADPH
Phase 3:
Regeneration of
the CO2 acceptor
(RuBP)
6 NADP+ 6 P i
Figure The Calvin cycle 5 P
G3P 6 P
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
(G3P)
Phase 2:
Reduction 1 P
Glucose and
other organic
compounds
Output
G3P
(a sugar)

81. AP Lab #4
Photosynthesis

82. Below is an absorption spectrum for an unknown pigment molecule
Below is an absorption spectrum for an unknown pigment molecule. What color would this pigment appear to you?
violet
blue
green
yellow
red
Answer: b
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #6

83. In green plants, most of the ATP for synthesis of proteins, cytoplasmic streaming, and other cellular activities comes directly from
photosystem I.
the Calvin cycle.
oxidative phosphorylation.
noncyclic photophosphorylation.
cyclic photophosphorylation.
Answer: c
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #15

84. What portion of an illuminated plant cell would you expect to have the lowest pH?
nucleus
vacuole
chloroplast
stroma of chloroplast
thylakoid space
Answer: e
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #19

85. A new flower species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment?
red and yellow
blue and violet
green and yellow
blue, green, and red
green, blue, and violet
Answer: a
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #8

86. Primary acceptor Primary Fd acceptor Fd NADP+ Pq + H+ NADP+ reductase
Fig
Primary
acceptor
Primary
acceptor Fd Fd
NADP+
+ H+ Pq
NADP+
reductase
Cytochrome
complex
NADPH Pc
Figure Cyclic electron flow
Photosystem I
Photosystem II
ATP

87. Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be
to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts.
to test for liberation of O2 in the light.
to test for CO2 fixation in the dark.
to do experiments to generate an action spectrum.
to test for production of either sucrose or starch.
Answer: b
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #21

88. Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?
the splitting of water
the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I
the synthesis of ATP
the reduction of NADP+
Answer: d
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #24

89. Which of the following conclusions does not follow from studying the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis?
Not all wavelengths are equally effective for photosynthesis.
There must be accessory pigments that broaden the spectrum of light that contributes energy for photosynthesis.
The red and blue areas of the spectrum are most effective in driving photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll owes its color to the absorption of green light.
Chlorophyll a has two absorption peaks.
Answer: d
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #3

90. Which of the following processes could still occur in a chloroplast in the presence of an inhibitor that prevents H+ from passing through ATP synthase complexes?
sugar synthesis
generation of a proton-motive force
photophosphorylation
the Calvin cycle
oxidation of NADPH
Answer: b
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #10

91. The diagram below represents an experiment with isolated chloroplasts
The diagram below represents an experiment with isolated chloroplasts. The chloroplasts were first made acidic by soaking them in a solution at pH 4. After the thylakoid space reached pH 4, the chloroplasts were transferred to a basic solution at pH 8. The chloroplasts are then placed in the dark. Which of these compounds would you expect to be produced? *
ATP
NADPH + H+
G3P
ATP and NADPH + H+
ATP, NADPH + H+, and G3P
Answer: a
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Process of Science Question
Discussion Notes for the Instructor
There are several questions which can be asked to guide the discussion of this question including:
What are the relative hydrogen ion concentrations inside the chloroplast and in the solution?
Which way will hydrogen ions move through the ATP synthease complexes?
Are the enzymes needed for the Calvin cycle present?
Is NADP+ present?
Using these questions as an outline, discussion of the choices might look like this:
Choice A, correct
Choice B, there is no movement of electrons and no NADP+ present
Choice C, the enzymes required for the Calvin cycle are not present
Choice D, similar to Choice B
Choice E, similar to choices B and C

92. When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occur?
The pH of the matrix increases.
ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport.
The electrons gain free energy.
The cytochromes of the chain phosphorylate ADP to form ATP.
NAD+ is oxidized.
Answer: a
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #6

93. In the 1940s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a drug called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after a few patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. What impact does this have on ATP production? *
reduces substrate level phosphorylations
increases substrate level phosphorylations
reduces oxidative level phosphorylations
increase oxidative level phosphorylations
This would have no impact on ATP production.
Answer: c
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Process of Science Question
Discussion Notes for the Instructor
There are several questions which can be asked to guide the discussion of this question including:
Which portion of the cellular respiration pathway involves hydrogen ions and the mitochondrial membrane?
How do hydrogen ions cause ATP production?
If the hydrogen ion concentration changes how does this impact ATP?
Using these questions as an outline, discussion of the choices might look like this:
Choice A, substrate level phosphorylations do not involve hydrogen ions.
Choice B, substrate level phosphorylations do not involve hydrogen ions.
Choice C, correct.
Choice D, if there are fewer hydrogen ions to move through the ATP synthetase complexes less ATP will be produced.
Choice E, hydrogen ion movement has a direct impact on ATP production.

94. Cyanide is a poison that blocks the passage of electrons along the electron transport chain. Which of the following is a metabolic effect of this poison?
The lower pH of the intermembrane space is much lower than normal.
Electrons are passed directly to oxygen, causing cells to explode.
Alcohol would build up in the cells.
NADH supplies would be exhausted, and ATP synthesis would cease.
No proton gradient would be produced, and ATP synthesis would cease.
Answer: e
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #20

95. Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?
an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell
an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it
an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized
an agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD+
an agent that inhibits the formation of acetyl coenzyme A
Answer: c
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #5

96. You have a friend who lost 15 pounds of fat on a diet. Where did the fat go (how was it lost)? *
It was released as CO2 and H2O.
Chemical energy was converted to heat and then released.
It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat.
It was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body.
It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body.
Answer: a
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #63
Discussion Notes for the Instructor
There are several questions which can be asked to guide the discussion of this question including:
What are fats composed of and how does that relate to the answer choices?
How are fats metabolized and what are the end products of this?
Using these questions as an outline, discussion of the choices might look like this:
Choice A, correct. The mass of a fat is in the atoms of the molecule. When fats are metabolized these atoms end up in CO2 and H20
Choice B, while this is somewhat true, energy has no mass and therefore cannot be the source of the weight loss.
Choice C, When fats are metabolized the energy in them is used to make ATP, but the fats are not converted into ATP (a common misconception)
Choice D, Fats are not composed of amino acids
Choice E, Urine is generally the result of nitrogenous waste product, fats (i.e. Triglycerides contain little nitrogen if any and therefore do not result in urine production)

97. Unit 2: The Cell - Cell Division
-Mitosis (Ch. 12)
-Meiosis (Ch. 13)

98. 0.5 µm DNA molecules Chromosome duplication (including DNA synthesis)
Fig. 12-4
0.5 µm
DNA molecules
Chromosome
duplication
(including DNA
synthesis)
Figure 12.4 Chromosome duplication and distribution during cell division

103. (b) Molecular mechanisms that help regulate the cell cycle
Fig b G1 S
Cdk
Cyclin accumulation M
Degraded
cyclin G2 G2
checkpoint
Cdk
Figure Molecular control of the cell cycle at the G2 checkpoint
Cyclin is
degraded
Cyclin
MPF
(b) Molecular mechanisms that help regulate the cell cycle

104. Minutes Spent in Cell Cycle Phases
Using the data in the table below, the best conclusion concerning the difference between the S phases for beta and gamma is that
Minutes Spent in Cell Cycle Phases
Cell Type G1 S G2 M
Beta 18 24 12 16
Delta
100
Gamma 48 14 20
gamma contains more DNA than beta.
beta and gamma contain the same amount of DNA.
beta contains more RNA than gamma.
gamma contains 48 times more DNA and RNA than beta.
beta is a plant cell and gamma is an animal cell.
Answer: a
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #14

105. Which number represents G2? *
Which number represents G2? * I II
III IV V
Answer: 2
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Seventh Edition, Question #46
Discussion Notes for the Instructor
Before showing this figure you might want to remind students that this represents a cell/s undergoing meiosis. There are several questions which can be asked to guide the discussion of this question, including:
During which stage of the meiotic cell cycle does a cell contain the greatest amount of DNA?
During which stage of the meiotic cell cycle does the cell contain the least amount of DNA?
Using these questions as an outline, discussion of the choices might look like this:
Choice A, during G2 the cell contains the greatest amount of DNA, so this can not be correct.
Choice B, correct
Choice C, similar to choice A
Choice D, similar to choice A
Choice E, similar to choice A

106. Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells, taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to microtubules and accelerating their assembly from the protein precursor, tubulin. Surprisingly, this stops mitosis. Specifically, taxol must affect
the fibers of the mitotic spindle.
anaphase.
formation of the centrioles.
chromatid assembly.
the S phase of the cell cycle.
Answer: a
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #24

107. Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that
reduced cyclin concentrations.
increased cyclin concentrations.
prevented elongation of microtubules.
prevented shortening of microtubules.
prevented attachment of the microtubules to the kinetochore.
Answer: d
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #30

108. Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per nucleus. In which stage of the cell cycle was the nucleus with 6 picograms of DNA? G0 G1 S G2 M
Answer: d
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #33

109. A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. Those cells would have __________ picograms at the end of the S phase and __________ picograms at the end of G2.
Answer: d
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #50

110. A particular cell has half as much DNA as some of the other cells in a mitotically active tissue. The cell in question is most likely in
G1.
G2.
prophase.
metaphase.
anaphase.
Answer: a
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #4

111. Multicellular diploid adults (2n = 46)
Fig. 13-5
Key
Haploid gametes (n = 23)
Haploid (n)
Egg (n)
Diploid (2n)
Sperm (n)
MEIOSIS
FERTILIZATION
Ovary
Testis
Diploid
zygote
(2n = 46)
Figure 13.5 The human life cycle
Mitosis and
development
Multicellular diploid
adults (2n = 46)

112. Figure 13.7 Overview of meiosis: how meiosis reduces chromosome number
Interphase
Homologous pair of chromosomes
in diploid parent cell
Chromosomes
replicate
Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes
Sister
chromatids
Diploid cell with
replicated
chromosomes
Meiosis I 1
Homologous
chromosomes
separate
Figure 13.7 Overview of meiosis: how meiosis reduces chromosome number
Haploid cells with
replicated chromosomes
Meiosis II 2
Sister chromatids
separate
Haploid cells with unreplicated chromosomes

113. Prophase I Metaphase I Centromere (with kinetochore) Sister chromatids
Fig. 13-8b
Prophase I
Metaphase I C?
Centromere
(with kinetochore)
Sister
chromatids A?
Spindle
Metaphase
plate
Figure 13.8 The meiotic division of an animal cell
A = chiasmata
B =Homologous Chromosomes
C= Centrosome (with centriole pair) B?
Fragments
of nuclear
envelope
Microtubule
attached to
kinetochore

114. meiosis

115. Crossing over

116. How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?
They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.
They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.
Answer: 4
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Seventh Edition, Question #18

117. Which number represents the DNA content of a sperm cell?
Which number represents the DNA content of a sperm cell? I II
III IV V
Answer: 5
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Seventh Edition, Question #47

118. The DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is measured. If the DNA content is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be
0.25x
0.5x x.
2x.
4x.
Answer: 4
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Seventh Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #4

119. The DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is measured. If the DNA content is x, then the DNA content at metaphase of meiosis II would be
0.25x.
0.5x. x.
2x.
4x.
Answer: 3
Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Seventh Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #5

120. The DNA content of a cell is measured in the G2 phase. After meiosis I, the DNA content of one of the two cells produced would be
equal to that of the G2 cell.
twice that of the G2 cell.
one-half that of the G2 cell.
one-fourth that of the G2 cell.
impossible to estimate due to independent assortment of homologous chromosomes.
Answer: 3
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Seventh Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #7

121. Which of the following would not be considered a haploid cell?
daughter cell after meiosis II
gamete
daughter cell after mitosis in gametophyte generation of a plant
cell in prophase I
cell in prophase II
Answer: 4
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Seventh Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #17

122. AP Lab #3
Mitosis & Meiosis