1. Lead Hazards and Asbestos Awareness Training
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August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

2. Objective
Prevent lead intoxication and related injuries during the use, handling, removal, and melting of materials containing lead.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

3. WHAT IS LEAD?
Lead is metallic lead, all inorganic lead compounds, and organic lead soaps.
Some of the properties of lead that make it a useful structural material are:
Low melting point
Very abundant
High molecular weight
High density
Very malleable (easy to shape)
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

4. How lead gets into the body
Inhalation (breathing)
Ingestion (by mouth)
Lead is usually not absorbed through the skin
Once lead enters the body, it enters your bloodstream and is circulated throughout your body.
This lead then becomes stored in various organs of the body.
If you continue to be exposed to lead, you will begin to store more than your body can get rid of and you will begin to suffer the symptoms of lead poisoning.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

5. Common Uses For Lead Batteries Ballast Weights Radiation shielding
Roof flashings Paint filler
Pipe joints Acoustic insulation
Ammunition Solder
Rubber anti-oxidant Cable shielding
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

6. Lead Exposure Operations
Lead and Babbitt melting and casting
Ballast handling
Grinding, sanding material that contains lead
Soldering with torches
Lead-acid battery reclaiming
Machining lead
Contact with contaminated clothing
Removal of lead-based paints
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

7. HEALTH HAZARDS
Lead interferes with the formation of the hemoglobin in blood and
will cause anemia.
Lead causes cellular
kidney damage which
leads to kidney failure.
It can cause reduced sperm count
and decreased fertility.
KIDNEY DAMAGE
ANEMIA DECREASE
FERTILITY
HEMOGLOBIN
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8. Health Hazards cont'd
Lead can damage the nervous system, the blood forming organs, kidneys, and reproductive system.
Chronic exposure initially
damages the blood forming
and reproductive organs, and
eventually cause peripheral nerve
and central nervous system damage.
Lead can pass from mother
to infant through the
placenta.
REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
CENTRAL
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
BLOOD
FORMING
ORGANS
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
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9. Exceeding Exposure Limits
If Action Level is exceeded, it is necessary to begin air monitoring, employee training, and medical surveillance.
Any employee known to have been
exposed to airborne concentrations
exceeding PEL, shall be notified in
writing of the exposure as soon as possible,
but not later than 5 days after the finding.
NLT 5
DAYS
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10. Reproductive System Effects
Exposure to lead can have serious effects on the
reproductive function of both males and females.
In males there can be a decrease in sexual drive, impotence, decreased ability to produce healthy sperm, and sterility.
Women may experience menstrual disturbance including
Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation),
Menorrhagia (abnormally profuse blood flow), and
Amenorrhea (abnormal absence or suppression of menstrual discharge.)
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

11. Reproductive System Effects (cont'd)
There is a higher frequency of sterility, premature
births, spontaneous miscarriages, and stillbirths.
Lead can alter the structure of sperm cells raising
the risk of birth defects.
Infants with mothers who had lead poisoning have a higher mortality rate during the first year and suffer from lower birth rates, slower growth, and nervous system disorders.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

12. Permissible Exposure Limits
The permissible exposure limit (PEL) for
an 8 hour time weighted average
(TWA) exposure to airborne lead is 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air.
If an employee is exposed for more than
8 hours in a work day, the PEL shall
be determined by the following formula:
PEL =____________400________________
Number of work hours per day
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

13. Action Level The action level (AL) for an 8 hour TWA exposure
to airborne lead is 30 microgram/cubic meter of air (without regard to respirator use).
Biological monitoring and medical surveillance shall be initiated when
an employee's exposure exceeds the action level for more than 30 days per year.
ACTION
LEVEL
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14. Permissible Exposure Limit
Where any employee is exposed to lead above
the PEL, but for 30 days or less per year, the
employer shall implement engineering controls
to reduce exposures to 200 mg/m3, but thereafter may implement any combination of engineering, work practice, and respiratory controls to reduce and maintain employee exposure to lead to or below 50 mg/m3.
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15. T R A I N I N G
All personnel who work in areas where the potential exists for lead exposure > the Allowable Limit must receive:
Initial training upon assignment
Annual training
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16. T r a i n i n g cont'd The minimum lead hazard training will
consist of:
The specific nature of the operations where
lead is possible.
The purpose, proper selection, fit testing,
use, and limitations of respirators.
Contents of facilities' compliance plan.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

17. General Workplace Control Practices
Use reduced lead paint coatings
Only low lead content paint shall be used in the interior of residential structures or on other surfaces which may pose an ingestion hazard.
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18. GENERAL WORKPLACE CONTROL PRACTICES cont'd
When feasible, the heating of lead and
leaded materials shall be minimized
through the use of controlled heating or
the removal of lead-containing surface
coatings prior to heating.
Procedures shall be established to
maintain work surfaces as free of lead
dust as practical. Lead dust shall be
cleaned with HEPA filtered vacuum cleaners.
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19. General Workplace Control Practices cont'd
Wet sweeping and brushing may be used only when
vacuuming has been tried and found not to be effective.
Lead-containing scrap, waste, debris, etc. shall be collected,
sealed, and labeled in leak proof containers.
Hot work on lead and abrasive lead removal operations
shall,to the extent possible, be isolated from other operations.
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20. VENTILATION To the extent feasible, fixed local exhaust ventilation
connected to HEPA filters or other collection systems,
approved by the cognizant industrial hygienist, shall be
provided at the point of airborne particulate generation.
Capture velocities shall be high enough to draw in the
particulates, and the duct transport velocities shall be high
enough to prevent accumulation of particulates in the duct.
Clean out points must be provided for periodic maintenance.
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21. VENTILATION cont'd
The ventilation systems shall be tested every 3 months and with 5 days of any change which may result in a change of employee exposure.
Test records shall be retained for 50 years.
The recirculation of HEPA filtered air is not recommended.
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22. Personal Protective Equipment
Personnel involved in work where the concentration of lead exceeds the PEL or the possibility of eye or skin irritation exists, shall remove the clothing worn to and from work and don protective clothing.
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23. Personal Protective Equipment cont'd
Full body, one piece coveralls supplied and laundered
by the employer or a contractor shall be used.
Clothing must be waterproof when wet lead is handled.
One piece, disposable coverall made of Tyvek or
equivalent may also be used.
Durable gloves and head coverings shall be used.
Hoods shall extend beyond the collar of the coverall.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

24. Personal Protective Equipment cont'd
Slip resistant shoe covers or lightweight rubber boots shall be provided. Disposable shoe covers may also be used.
Face shield, vented goggles, or other appropriate protective equipment shall be provided and used whenever the possibility of eye irritation exists.
Clean protective clothing shall be provided at lease weekly, or daily when the 8 hr TWA concentration exceeds 200 micrograms.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

25. Respiratory Protection
Personnel identified as working in lead hazard areas shall be
participants in the command's respiratory management program.
Personnel engaged in:
- Unventilated hot operations, where
temperatures are not controlled.
- Melting operations without thermostatic controls.
- Unventilated indoor or outdoor spray painting operations.
shall wear positive-pressure supplied-air respirators.
Full face shields are required if lead aerosols cause eye or
skin irritation.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

26. Limits of Respirator Usage
Engineering control measures shall be employed to
control and contain airborne lead particulates to the
lowest feasible level.
Respirators alone shall not be used to achieve compliance
with PELs except in the following cases:
- During the time period necessary to implement engineering
control measures.
- In work situations in which the control methods prescribed
are not technically feasible, or are not sufficient to reduce
the airborne concentrations to or below the PEL.
- Whenever an employee requests a respirator.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

27. Respirator Fit Testing
Qualitative fit tests is required
for all respirator users at time of initial
fitting and at least every 6 months.
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28. No Smoking, Eating, or Drinking
Warning Signs
Signs shall be provided and displayed at each
location where airborne lead may exceed the PEL.
DANGER
Lead Work Area
Poison
No Smoking, Eating, or Drinking
The warning sign may contain a listing of required protective equipment.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

29. Caution Labels CAUTION
Affixed to containers of contaminated clothing, equipment, raw materials, waste, debris, or other products containing lead.
CAUTION
Clothing contaminated with lead
Do not remove dust by blowing or shaking
Dispose of lead contaminated wash water in
accordance with applicable local, state,
of federal regulations.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

30. Changing Facilities (are provided if level exceeds PEL)
Change rooms shall be provided as close as practical
to the lead work area.
There will be protective clothing removal procedures
posted.
Removal of lead particles from clothing by blowing
or shaking is prohibited.
Shower facilities shall be located between the "dirty"
and "clean" change rooms.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

31. Changing Facilities cont'd
Do not leave wearing any clothing that was
worn during the work shift.
Lead contaminated clothing will be laundered
by informed and capable contractors
Laundry Facility
HOURS - 6 AM - 6 PM
In by 7, out by 5
We do Contaminated Clothing
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

32. LUNCHROOMS
Lunchrooms must be provided for employees who work in areas where the airborne lead exposure is above the PEL.
These lunchrooms must have a positive
pressure, filtered air supply and be readily accessible.
Protective clothing and equipment must be
removed prior to entering the lunchroom.
COKE
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33. LUNCHROOMS cont'd In lead work areas, the following is prohibited:
Eating
Drinking
Chewing or smoking tobacco
Applying makeup
Storage of food or tobacco
All lead workers must wash their hands and face
prior to eating, drinking, smoking, or applying
cosmetics.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

34. Medical Surveillance Program
Three basic elements:
- Pre-placement medical evaluation.
All personnel must receive a pre-placement evaluation prior to
assignment to a position involving potential exposure to lead that
equals or exceeds the action level
- Semi-annual blood lead monitoring unless air monitoring
indicates exposures above the action level for more than
30 days per year.
- Follow-up medical evaluations and blood lead analysis
based on the results of blood lead analysis & physician's opinion.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

35. Workplace Monitoring Plan
An Industrial Hygienist must evaluate all workplaces at least annually, or more frequently if necessary, where lead is used and shall reevaluate the operation within 5 working days of any work process or control change.
The employee or designated employee representative must be given the opportunity to observe sampling or monitoring.
The employer must collect full shift (7 continuous hours) personal samples including at least one sample for each shift, for each job classification, in each work area.
Initial determination is made if the employee is exposed to
lead at or above the action level.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

36. OSHA’s Asbestos Standard
For the
Construction Industry
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37. What is Asbestos?
Asbestos is a name given to a group of naturally occurring, fibrous minerals that are uniquely resistant to heat, chemicals and electricity. The fibers are extremely fine and easily inhaled.
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38. Typical Uses of Asbestos
Cement Pipes Cement siding Vinyl Products Asphalt Acoustical Tiles High Temperature Tiles Wallboard Insulating materials of all types
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39. Asbestos History
Asbestos is used in thousands of products. In many of these products there is no substitute for the asbestos. Asbestos was used far more prominently prior to 1970 in construction materials requiring insulation In 1967, asbestos was recognized as a carcinogen
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

40. The Problems with Asbestos
The fine fibers, when inhaled, lodge themselves in the lung tissue. They stay there , unnoticed for many years. Often cancer cells develop in the area with the lodged asbestos fiber leading to lung cancer.
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41. Lawsuits and Regulation
The late 1960’s and early 1970’s saw thousands of law suites concerning asbestos and lung cancer. Most of the these suites were successful and most manufacturer’s changed processes to eliminate asbestos from their products. However, the products that were already installed were still a hazard if they were disturbed or the asbestos fibers were released.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

42. OSHA and Asbestos
OSHA came into existence in 1970 and the first product they decided to regulate was asbestos.
Respirator programs were develop based on asbestos regulations
MSDS came from asbestos regulations
Hazardous material clean up and management regulations came from asbestos regulations
In short, asbestos changed the construction industry
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

43. This Class
OSHA has separate standards for general industry and construction. This program is going to deal strictly with the construction standards What to do in the event you discover asbestos. And some key facts about asbestos.
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44. This Class
We will not discuss asbestos removal processes or how to mitigate asbestos as that is a subject for another class. This class is asbestos awareness and what to do when you discover asbesto.
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45. Types of Asbestos Chrysotile Amosite Crocidolite Termolite asbestos
Anthophyllite asbestos
Actinolite asbestos
Any product contains asbestos if it contains any of the products listed above.
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46. PACM
Asbestos also includes ‘presumed asbestos-containing materials”. PACM Defined as thermal system insulation (TSI) and surfacing material found in buildings constructed in 1980 or before. Designation of material as PACM may be rebutted in accordance with OSHA regulations.
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47. What this means to you
Unless an inspection of the premises has been completed by a certified expert in asbestos recognition and all the appropriate paperwork filed…….. IF YOU ARE WORKING IN A BUILDING BUILT PRIOR TO 1981…..YOU HAVE TO ASSUME ALL INSULATING MATERIALS COULD POSSIBLY CONTAIN ASBESTOS
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48. What is a PACM
In both the OSHA Construction Asbestos Standard (29 CFR ) and the General Industry Asbestos Standard (29 CFR ) PACM is defined as thermal system insulation (TSI) and surfacing material found in a building constructed no later than TSI is the material applied to pipes, fittings (joints, "Ts", elbows, valves, etc.), boilers, breechings, tanks, ducts or other structural components, generally to prevent heat loss or gain.
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49. Surfacing Materials
Surfacing material refers to materials sprayed, troweled- on or otherwise applied to surfaces generally for acoustical, fireproofing, or other purposes. Examples of surfacing materials include decorative finishes on ceilings and walls, fireproofing on structural members, and acoustical plasters.
August 3, 2010 E Light Electric Services

50. OSHA Requirements
OSHA requires that building owners identify PACM in their buildings and treat the PACM as asbestos- containing materials (ACM) until the materials are proven not to contain asbestos.
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51. Suspect Asbestos Containing Materials
The term "suspect ACM" does not appear in either of the OSHA standards. The term, however, has long been used by the asbestos industry to refer to any building material that is suspected of being asbestos- containing (based on appearance, usage, age of building, etc.), but has not been proven conclusively to be ACM (based on sampling and analysis, documentation, building records, etc).
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52. OSHA Requirements
For OSHA’s purposes, suspect material would include any material (including TSI, surfacing, and flooring) that a building owner suspects of containing asbestos and is found in a building constructed after 1980, or any material (excepting TSI, surfacing, and flooring) found in a building constructed prior to Other typical suspect building materials would include ceiling tiles, asbestos-cement products (Transite®), and joint compound
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53. Owner’s Responsibilities
The exercise of due diligence (as noted in the OSHA asbestos standards) requires that, where a building owner knows or should have known that materials other than PACM are asbestos-containing, these materials must be treated as ACM until proven otherwise.
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54. The Difference
A building constructed prior to 1981, therefore, could contain both PACM and suspect ACM. Newer buildings (constructed after 1980) would contain only suspect ACM.
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55. Courses of Action
Building owners with identified PACM have two courses of action under the OSHA standards: 1) rebut or disprove the PACM designation; or 2) simply continue to treat the PACM as ACM (and follow all OSHA requirements for protecting the health and safety of workers and building occupants).
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56. Rebutting the PACM
OSHA allows a building owner to rebut the designation of PACM in two ways: Have a complete building inspection conducted according to the requirements outlined in the EPA AHERA (Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act) regulation. Samples would have to be collected by an AHERA-accredited Asbestos Building Inspector. All PACM (and suspect ACM, for that matter) would accordingly be included in this inspection.
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57. Or……
Collect and analyzing only samples of the PACM identified in a building. OSHA allows samples to be collected by either an accredited inspector or a CIH (Certified Industrial Hygienist). Samples must be collected in the manner described in AHERA.
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58. Remember…
If the AHERA process has not been used to rebutt the PACM, the only other option is to consider the material to be asbestos containing and take all the precautions required.
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59. Classifications of Asbestos Work
Class I: Activities involving the removal of thermal system insulation, surfacing asbestos-containing material and presumed asbestos- containing material\ Class II: Activities involving removal of ACM other than TSI or surfacing material. Class III: Repair and maintenance operations where ACM, including TSI and surfacing material is likely to be disturbed. Class IV: Maintenance and custodial activities in which employees contact but don not disturb ACM or PACM while cleaning up waste and debris
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60. VERY IMPORTANT
PLEASE NOTE: ALL OF THE CLASSIFICATIONS REQUIRE EITHER THE REMOVAL, DISTURBING OR CONTACTING OF ASBESTOS!!!! In other words, asbestos, if left alone is perfectly safe. It is when we disturb it and cause the fibers to fly into the air that it can become hazardous.
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61. In other words…….
The decision to leave asbestos alone, encapsulate it, or removing asbestos depends largely on the type of material, its location, its condition, and its exposure to mechanical damage or fiber release If you encounter asbestos products or products you suspect are asbestos, do not disturb the product and notify supervision immediately.
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62. (k) Communication of Hazards - Employee Training and Information - Basic Information
All employees covered by the standard must be informed of
Methods of recognizing asbestos, including PACM
Health effects
Relationship between smoking and asbestos in producing lung cancer
Operations that could result in exposure and protective measures and their use, as applicable
For Class III and IV work, information equivalent to the contents of EPA 20T-2003, “Managing Asbestos In-Place”
Purpose, proper use, fitting instructions, and limitations of respirators
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63. What is a Carcinogen
A substance that can cause changes that lead to cancer are called carcinogens Some carcinogens do not act on the DNA directly, but cause cancer in other ways, such as causing cells to divide at a faster rate
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64. Carcinogens / Cancer Info
Carcinogens do not cause cancer in every case, all the time. Substances classified as carcinogens may have different levels of cancer-causing potential Some may cause cancer only after prolonged, high levels of exposure
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65. Cancer Risks
For any particular person, the risk of developing cancer will depend on many factors, including:
The length of exposure to the carcinogen
The intensity of exposure to the carcinogen
The person’s genetic makeup
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66. Determination of Substances as Carcinogens
Scientists obtain most data from lab studies (both culture & animals) In most cases, carcinogens are first found to cause cancer in lab animals and are later found to cause cancer in people
1st Bullet: Although it isn’t possible to predict with absolute certainty which substances will be carcinogenic to humans based on animal studies alone, virtual all know human carcinogens have been adequately tested in lab animals produce cancer in these animals.
2nd Bullet: Because there are far too many substances (natural & manmade) to test each one in lab animals, scientists use knowledge about chemical structure, other types of lab tests, and information about the extent of human exposure to select chemicals for testing.
Basil cell skin cancer
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67. Lab Studies
Most studies expose lab animals to doses that are higher than common human exposures For most carcinogens, it is assumed that that those that cause cancer in animals, will cause cancer in humans.
1st Bullet: This is so the cancer risk can be detected in relatively small groups of animals.
2nd Bullet: Although it isn’t always possible to know the relationship between exposure dose and risk, it is reasonable for public health purposes to assume that lowering human exposure will reduce risk.
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68. Epidemiologic Studies
Epidemiologic studies look at the factors that might affect the occurrence of cancer in human populations
1st Bullet: While these studies provide useful information, they also have their limitations. Humans do not live in a controlled environment. People are exposed to numerous substances at any one time, including those they encounter at home, school, work; in the food they eat & the air they breathe.
It is usually many years (often decades) between exposure to a carcinogen and the development of cancer. Therefore, it can be very difficult to single out any particular exposure as having a definite link to cancer.
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69. Study Summary
By combining data from both types of studies, scientists are able to make an educated assessment of a substance’s cancer causing capability. When the available evidence is compelling, but not felt to be conclusive, the substance may be considered to be a probable carcinogen.
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70. How Are Carcinogens Classified
The most widely used system is IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). Is a part of the WHO (World Health Organization) IARC has evaluated the cancer causing potential of about 900 likely candidates in the last 30 years.
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71. Carcinogen Groups
Group 1: Carcinogen to humans Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans Group 3: Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans Group 4: Probably not carcinogenic to humans
Perhaps not surprisingly, most of the agents are of probable, possible or unknown risk.
Only 90 are classified as “carcinogenic to humans”.
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72. National Toxicology Program (NTP)
Used in the U.S. – NTP releases the “Report on Carcinogens” (RoC) every two years.
Identifies 2 groups of agents:
Known to be human carcinogens
Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens.
Unlike IARC, RoC does not list substances that have been studied & found not to be carcinogens.
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73. Known Human Carcinogens
Arsenic Asbestos Benzene Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Ethylene Oxide Nickel Plutonium 239 And many others
The list is very long. Most items are contained in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart Z, which is the OSHA Construction safety Manual
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74. Smoking
Persons who smoke tobacco or other products have been shown to have a much higher risk of developing health problems including cancer when also exposed to asbestos.
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75. How to Identify Asbestos?
1. What is it used for? 2. How old is it? 3. Is it fibrous in nature? 4. What color is it? Asbestos is typically white or gray in color where as fiberglass is typically yellowish in color. 5. Sample testing to be sure.
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76. OSHA Requirements
The following information is taken directly from the CFR which is the Specific OSHA regulations concerning Asbestos. When in doubt, check the OSHA regulations.
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77. (c) Permissible Exposure Limits
Time-Weighted Average Limit: 0.1 fiber/cubic centimeter as an 8-hour TWA Excursion Limit: 1.0 fiber/cubic centimeter as averaged over 30 minutes
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78. (d) Multi-Employer Worksites
An employer whose work requires a regulated area shall inform other employers of
Nature of such work
Existence of and requirements pertaining to regulated areas
Measures taken to ensure that employees of other employers are not exposed
Abatement shall be by the contractor who created or controls the source of contamination
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79. (d) Multi-Employer Worksites (cont’d)
All employers of employees exposed shall comply with applicable protective provisions All employers of employees working adjacent to regulated areas established by another employer, shall daily ascertain integrity of the enclosure and/or other controls All general contractors shall be deemed to exercise general supervisory authority over work covered by this standard and shall ascertain that the asbestos contractor is in compliance
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80. (e) Regulated Areas
Class I, II, and III asbestos work; also all other operations where PEL is or may reasonably be exceeded Demarcated in any effective manner; critical barriers or negative pressure enclosures may be used; signs must be provided Access limited to persons authorized by the employer or the OSH Act Respirators to be provided based on (h)(2) No eating, drinking, smoking, chewing tobacco or gum, or application of cosmetics Work within regulated areas supervised by competent person
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81. (f) Exposure Assessments and Monitoring - General
For each workplace or work operation where monitoring is required Breathing zone samples representative of 8-hour TWA and 30- minute Excursion Limit of each employee Excursion Limit samples for operations most likely to produce exposures above the Excursion Limit
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82. (f) Exposure Assessments and Monitoring - Initial Exposure Assessment
Assessment by a competent person before or at the initiation of an operation -- so all appropriate control systems can be applied
Basis:
Exposure monitoring if feasible
Observations, information, or calculations which indicate employee exposure, including any previous monitoring
“Negative Exposure Assessment” required to conclude that exposures are likely to be consistently below the PELs
Exposure above the PELs is assumed for Class I work until exposure monitoring documents otherwise, or employer makes a “negative exposure assessment”
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83. (f) Exposure Assessments and Monitoring - Negative Exposure Assessment
An option only for jobs performed by employees who have been trained in compliance with the standard
Data to demonstrate that employee exposure will be below the PELs must conform to the following types:
Objective data that the product, mineral, or activity cannot release airborne fibers in concentrations > PELs under the most severe conditions
Monitoring data obtained within prior 12 months for work operations/conditions that “closely resemble” current operations and were conducted by employees no more trained/experienced than current employees
Results of initial exposure monitoring of the current job
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84. (f) Exposure Assessments and Monitoring - Periodic Monitoring
For Class I and II work in a regulated area: daily monitoring representative of each employee’s exposure unless the employer has a negative exposure assessment for the entire operation All other operations: periodic monitoring sufficient to document the exposure Exception: employees doing Class I work who are using a control listed in (g)(4)(i), (ii), or (iii) and employees doing Class II work may be equipped with supplied-air respirators operated in the positive-pressure mode in lieu of daily monitoring
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85. (f) Exposure Assessment and Monitoring - Other
If exposures are shown to be below the PELs by a statistically reliable method, monitoring may be discontinued Additional monitoring is required whenever a change in process, control equipment, personnel, or work practice may produce exposures above the PELs Employees and their designated representatives may observe monitoring Employers will notify affected employees of the monitoring results, in writing or by posting
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86. (g) Methods of Compliance
Engineering controls and work practices required regardless of level of exposure
Vacuum cleaners with HEPA filters for cleanup
Wet methods or wetting agents during handling, mixing, removal, cutting, application, and cleanup, unless infeasible due to creation of other hazards; see (g)(8)(ii) for roofing exceptions
Prompt cleanup and disposal of wastes and debris in leak-tight containers
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87. (g) Methods of Compliance (cont’d)
Engineering controls and work practices required to achieve the PELs
Local exhaust ventilation with HEPA filter dust collection system
Enclosure or isolation of processes producing asbestos dust
Ventilation of the regulated area to move air from the employee’s breathing zone toward HEPA-filtered collection device or exhaust
Other controls that the Assistant Secretary can show to be feasible
If the above are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the PELs, they shall still be used and supplemented with respiratory protection
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88. (g) Methods of Compliance (cont’d)
Prohibitions
High-speed abrasive disc saws that are not equipped with point of cut ventilator or enclosures with HEPA-filtered exhaust air
Compressed air to remove asbestos or ACM except in conjunction with an enclosed ventilation system
Dry sweeping, shoveling, or other cleanup of ACM or PACM dust and debris
Employee rotation as a means of reducing employee exposure
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89. (g) Methods of Compliance - Class I Jobs
Supervision by a competent person
Critical barriers over all openings to regulated area, or another barrier or isolation method which prevents the migration of airborne asbestos from the regulated area
For Class I jobs involving the removal of >25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing material
For all other Class I jobs where there is no negative exposure assessment
For Class I jobs where employees are working in areas adjacent to the regulated area
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90. (g) Methods of Compliance - Class I Jobs (cont’d)
Isolation of HVAC systems in regulated area (double layer of 6 mil plastic or equivalent) Impermeable dropcloths on surfaces beneath removal activity Covering all objects within regulated area with impermeable materials Where employer cannot produce a negative exposure assessment, or where PEL is exceeded, ventilation of the regulated area to move air from the employee’s breathing zone toward HEPA- filtered collection device
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91. (g) Methods of Compliance - Class I Jobs (cont’d)
One or more of the following specific control methods shall be used for Class I work:
Negative Pressure Enclosure (NPE) Systems, where the configuration of the work area does not make erection feasible
Glove Bag Systems, for removal of PACM and/or ACM from straight runs of piping, elbows, and other connections
Negative Pressure Glove Bag Systems, for removal of ACM or PACM from piping
Negative Pressure Glove Box Systems, for removal of ACM or PACM from pipe runs
Water Spray Process System, for removal of ACM and PACM from cold line piping, where employees have completed a separate 40-hour training course in its use
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92. (g) Methods of Compliance - Class I Jobs (cont’d)
A small walk-in enclosure accommodating no more than 2 persons, if the project can be completely contained in the enclosure
Alternative control methods that comply with the following:
Keep airborne asbestos dust from entering the breathing zone of employees
Are evaluated and certified by a CIH or licensed PE (or by a competent person if the material to be removed is < or = 25 linear or 10 square feet)
Have the required evaluation/certification by a CIH/PE sent to the national OSHA Office of Technical Support
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93. (g) Methods of Compliance - Class II Jobs
Supervision by a competent person
Critical barriers over all openings to regulated area, or another barrier or isolation method which prevents the migration of airborne asbestos from the regulated area
For all Class II jobs where there is no negative exposure assessment
For Class II jobs where there may be exposure above the PELs
For Class II jobs where the employer does not remove the ACM in a substantially intact state
Impermeable dropcloths on surfaces beneath removal activity
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94. (g) Methods of Compliance - Class II Jobs (cont’d)
Additional specific controls are listed for various types of Class II work
Removal of vinyl and asphalt flooring materials which contain ACM or for which in buildings constructed no later than 1980, the employer has not verified the absence of ACM
Removal of roofing material which contains ACM
Removal of cementitious asbestos-containing siding and shingles or transite panels containing ACM
Removal of gaskets containing ACM
Performing any other Class II removal of asbestos-containing material
Installation, removal, or repair of intact bituminous/resinous encapsulated roof flashings and asphaltic pipeline wraps
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95. (g) Methods of Compliance - Class II Jobs (cont’d)
Class I methods may also be used for Class II work, except that glove bags and glove boxes are allowed if they fully enclose the Class II material to be removed
Alternative controls may be used if they comply with the following:
Data representing employee exposure during the use of such controls indicate exposure will not exceed the PELs
A competent person evaluates and certifies such controls
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96. (g) Methods of Compliance - Class III Jobs
Performed using wet methods Performed using local exhaust ventilation, to the extent feasible Where drilling, cutting, abrading, sanding, chipping, breaking, or sawing TSI or surfacing material, performed using impermeable dropcloths and mini-enclosures or glove bag systems or another isolation method Where there is no negative exposure assessment or where the PELs are exceeded, performed using impermeable dropcloths and plastic barriers, or isolation using a control system specified for Class I jobs Where: TSI or surfacing material involved, or there is no negative exposure assessment, or PELs are exceeded, employees shall wear respiratory protection according to paragraph (h)
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97. (g) Methods of Compliance - Class IV Jobs
Employees performing Class IV work must be trained according to paragraph (k)(9) Employees cleaning up debris and waste in a regulated area where respirators are required shall wear respirators according to paragraph (h) Waste and debris in areas where friable TSI or surfacing material is accessible shall be assumed to contain asbestos
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98. (h) Respiratory Protection - General
Respirators shall be provided and used for
All Class I jobs
All Class II jobs where ACM is not removed in a substantially intact state
All Class II and III jobs not performed using wet methods; exception: sloped roofs
All Class II and III jobs where there is no negative exposure assessment
All Class III jobs where TSI or surfacing material ACM or PACM is disturbed
All Class IV work in regulated areas where employed performing other work are required to wear respirators
All work where PELs are exceeded
Emergencies
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99. (h) Respiratory Protection - Selection
Employers shall provide respirators as specified in (d)(3)(i)(A) of 29 CFR
Filtering facepiece respirators may not be used for asbestos
HEPA filters must be used for powered and non-powered air- purifying respirators
Tight-fitting, powered air-purifying respirators shall be provided in lieu of any negative-pressure respirator selected according to requirements of this section whenever
An employee chooses to use this type of respirator and
The respirator will provide adequate protection
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100. (h) Respiratory Protection - Selection (cont’d)
Half-mask air-purifying respirators (other than a filtering facepiece respirator) equipped with high efficiency filters, shall be provided
For Class II and II jobs where there is no negative exposure assessment
For Class III jobs where TSI or surfacing ACM or PACM is being disturbed
Tight fitting powered air-purifying respirators or full-facepiece supplied air respirators operated in pressure-demand mode, with HEPA egress cartridges or an auxiliary positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus, shall be used for Class I work in regulated areas where
A negative exposure assessment has not been produced, and
Exposure assessment levels are < or = 1 fiber/cc for an 8-hour TWA
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101. (k) Communication of Hazards - Duties of Building and Facility Owners
Before work is begun, identify the presence, location, and quantity of ACM/PACM, including
All TSI and sprayed on/troweled-on surfacing materials in buildings or substrates constructed no later than 1980
All resilient flooring material installed not later than 1980
Notify the following persons of the presence, location, and quantity of ACM/PACM
Prospective employers applying for/bidding for work
Employees of the owner who will work in or adjacent to areas containing such materials
All employers on multi-employer worksites whose employees will be performing work within or adjacent to areas containing such materials
Tenants who will occupy areas containing such materials
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102. (k) Communication of Hazards - Duties of Building and Facility Owners (cont’d)
Post signs at entrance to mechanical rooms/areas which employees may reasonably be expected to enter and which contain ACM and/or PACM Identify material present, its location, work practices to avoid disturbance Post signs or labels on previously installed ACM/PACM to inform employees of which materials are affected
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103. (k) Communication of Hazards - Duties of Employers
Before work, identify the presence, location, and quantity of ACM/PACM
Before work, inform the following persons of the location and quantity of ACM/PACM and the precautions to be taken to confine airborne asbestos
Owners of the building/facility
Employees who will perform work and employers of employees who work and/or will be working in adjacent areas
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104. (k) Communication of Hazards - Duties of Employers (cont’d)
Within 10 days of completion, inform the building/facility owner and employers of employees who will be working in the area of
Current location and quantity of ACM/PACM remaining
Final monitoring results, if any
Within 24 hours of discovering ACM/PACM on a worksite, convey presence, location, and quantity of such newly-discovered materials to
Owner
Other employers of employees working at the worksite
Post signs or labels on previously installed ACM/PACM to inform employees of which materials are affected
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105. (k) Communication of Hazards - Signs
Warning signs must be used to demarcate regulated areas
Wording for signs:
Additional wording where applicable:
RESPIRATORS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING ARE REQUIRED IN THIS AREA
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106. (k) Communication of Hazards - Labels
Labels must be affixed to
Products containing asbestos
Containers containing such products, including waste containers
Installed asbestos products, where feasible, including previously installed material identified as ACM/PACM
Exemptions from labeling include
Products where asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material, if no concentration of fibers > PELs will be produced during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, etc.
Products where asbestos is < 1.0% by weight
Installed materials where signs providing same information are posted
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107. (k) Communication of Hazards - Labels (cont’d)
Wording on labels: Additionally, labels must contain a warning statement against breathing asbestos fibers
DANGER
CONTAINS ASBESTOS FIBERS
AVOID CREATING DUST
CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD
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108. (k) Communication of Hazards - Employee Information and Training - General
Must be provided prior to or at time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter Must be conducted in a manner that the employee is able to understand
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109. (k) Employee Information and Training - Basic Information (cont’d)
Appropriate work practices for the job
Medical surveillance program requirements
Contents of the standard, including appendices
Names, addresses, and phone numbers of public health organizations providing information/materials/programs for smoking cessation
Requirements concerning signs and labels
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110. (k) Employee Information and Training - Job Class Specific Requirements
Training for Class I jobs must be equivalent to EPA Model Accreditation Plan asbestos abatement worker training Training for Class II work must include “hands-on” training and specific work practices and engineering controls for the category of materials as well as basic information required for all employees Training for Class II work with asbestos-containing roofing materials, flooring materials, siding materials, ceiling tiles, or transite panels must be at least 8 hours
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111. (k) Employee Information and Training - Job Class Specific Requirements (cont’d)
Training for Class III jobs must be consistent with the EPA training course for local education agency maintenance and custodial workers who will disturb ACM or PACM (40 CFR (a)(2)) Must include “hands-on” training and take at least 16 hours Exception: If a competent person determines the EPA curriculum is not adequate, training must include the basic information as well as specific applicable work practices and controls and “hands-on “ training
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112. (k) Employee Information and Training - Job Class Specific Requirements (cont’d)
Training for Class IV jobs must be consistent with the EPA requirements for training local education agency maintenance and custodial workers who contact but do not disturb ACM or PACM (40 CFR (a)(1))
Must be at least 2 hours
Must include
Location of ACM/PACM, asbestos-containing flooring material, or flooring material where absence of asbestos has not been certified
Instruction in recognition of damage, deterioration, and delamination of asbestos-containing building materials
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