1. Crime & Punishment Today: Quick look at crimes in medieval times
Law and order
Public punishment
Torture

2. Types of crimes Stealing Nagging one’s husband Murder
Treason (not being loyal to the monarch)
Witchcraft
Working on Sundays and holy days
Heresy (saying something against the beliefs of the church)
Breaking curfew (being out after designated time)

3. Law and Order Church courts and laws heresy, working on holy days
Monarch or Lord’s Court
Tithings (groups of 10 men over 12) were responsible for reporting any law breaker in their group to the court

4. Punishment in public Gibbet
iron cage to display bodies of executed criminals

5. Punishment in public Stocks (held the ankles)
Pillory (held head and wrists)

6. Guilty or not guilty?
There were three types of trial: compurgation (or oath swearing), combat and ordeal.
Compurgation: how many people had to recite the special oath?
Combat: Who were ‘champions’?
Ordeal: What were the different types of trials by ordeal?

7. Guilty or not guilty?
There were three types of trial: compurgation (or oath swearing), combat and ordeal. Compurgation: how many people had to recite the special oath? Combat: Who were ‘champions’? Ordeal: What were the different types of trials by ordeal? 12
Champions were expert fighters that fought for nobles in their trials by combat.
The three types of ordeal were trial by water and trial by fire.

8. What is Torture?
Torture is any act by which severe pain, either physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person.
Today torture is almost universally considered to be an extreme violation of human rights and most countries abstain from using it.

9. Why was torture used in medieval times?
Torture has been used since the ancient times and was seen as a legitimate part of the legal system.
The purpose of torture was usually to punish or obtain information, especially confessions.
Torture is usually not to designed to kill the victim but this was often the result.
Torture was at its peak during the Spanish Inquisition ( ) when the Catholic Church tried to eliminate heretics, or non-believers such as Jews, Muslims and Protestants.

10. What are these?

11. Infamy Masks
Infamy Masks

12. Scold’s Bridle

13. Head Crusher

14. Boots

15. Foot board

16. What are these?

17. Thumbscrews

18. Press

19. Scavenger’s Daughter
The device consisted of one single iron bar that connected iron shackles closing round the victim's hands, feet and neck. This rack positioned the head to the knees of the victim in a sitting position. It  compressed the body as to force the blood from the nose and ears.

20. Hung by the hair and flogged

21. Chair

22. Look again!

23. Cat’s Paw

24. or Claw

25. Fork

26. The Fork in action

27. Iron Maiden

28. The Rack

29. The Rack

30. Strappado or Pendulum

31. Next lesson... Closer look at the crimes
The punishments for different types of crimes