1. Money and the Banking System
Macro Chapter 13
Money and the Banking System

2. 6 Learning Goals List and describe the functions of money
Define the alternative measures of money and distinguish between M1 and M2
Explain fractional reserve banking
Investigate how banks create money by extending loans
List the tools used by the Fed to control the money supply
Analyze how those tools change the money supply

3. What is Money?

4. 3 functions of money
Medium of exchange
Store of value
Unit of account

5. Optional video about money titled “History Channel US Mints- paper and coin production”
Look for the following:
When and why the federal government started printing money
Where the US Mint locations are
Where the Bureau of Engraving and Printing has locations
How much currency is printed and where it is

6. How is the Money Supply Measured?

7. 2 Measures of Money
M1 = most liquid assets, i.e. cash or the easiest to turn in to cash
M2 = less liquid, but still able to turn in to cash
demand deposits = checking accounts; can get your money “on demand”
Credit cards are NOT money!

8. The Business of Banking

9. Optional video about banks titled “History Channel Banks-Banking history”
Look for the following:
When and where was the first bank formed in the US?
How did Bank of America get started?
When were credit cards first created and how did they change to the way they are today?

10. Explanation of fractional reserve banking
Watch Video: FTC80_03-fractional reserve banking

11. Example of bank run:
Watch Video: It’s a Wonderful Life-bank run

12. Q13.1 If you have a checking account at a local bank, your bank account there is
an asset to the bank and an asset to you.
a liability of the bank and a liability of yours.
a liability of the bank and an asset to you.
an asset to the bank and a liability of yours.

13. Typical assets and liabilities of banks:
Vault cash
Reserves at the Fed
Loans to customers
Bonds (i.e. securities)
Liabilities:
Checking deposits
Savings deposits
Borrowings

14. How Banks Create Money by Extending Loans

15. Explanation of money creation process: Watch video “FTC80_03-money creation process”

16. Here’s how excess reserves are used to “create” money:
See files “deposit creation.pdf” and “deposit multiplier.pdf”

17. Key points:
(1) Banks are required to keep a portion of their deposits as reserves at the Federal Reserve Bank
These are required reserves
Roughly equal to 10% of deposits
(2) Banks may keep or loan out additional reserves
These are excess reserves
Excess reserves earn interest from the Federal Reserve, so the bank must decide where it’s earning the biggest return- by loaning them out or by keeping them with the Fed

18. Q13. 2 Suppose you withdraw $1,000 from your checking account
Q13.2 Suppose you withdraw $1,000 from your checking account. If the reserve requirement is 20 percent, how does this transaction affect the supply of money and the excess reserves of your bank?
There is no change in the supply of money; your bank's excess reserves are reduced by $800.
There is no change in the supply of money; your bank's excess reserves are reduced by $200.
The money supply increases by $1,000, and the excess reserves of your bank are reduced by $800.
The money supply increases by $1,000, and the excess reserves of your bank are reduced by $200.

19. Q13. 3 (MA) Suppose you deposit $1,000 into your checking account
Q13.3 (MA) Suppose you deposit $1,000 into your checking account. If the reserve requirement is 10 percent, what impact does this transaction have?
The money supply increases
The money supply remains the same
The bank’s required reserves increase by $100
The bank’s required reserves decrease by $100
The bank’s required reserves increase by $900
The bank can make new loans of $900
The bank can make new loans of $1,000

20. The Federal Reserve System

21. A quick look at the Fed:
Watch video Catch Me If You Can- check routing

22. Four tools of the Fed to control the money supply:
Reserve requirements
Open Market Operations
Extend loans
Interest paid on excess and required reserves

23. Expansionary Monetary Policy:
Buy securities (i.e. bonds, Treasury or other)
Extend more loans
Reduce the interest rate paid on reserves

24. Restrictive Monetary Policy:
Sell securities (i.e. bonds, Treasury or other)
Extend fewer loans
Increase the interest rate paid on reserves

25. Q13.4 If the Fed lends to member banks, what happens to reserves and the money supply?
Reserves increase and the money supply decreases.
Both increase.
Reserves decrease and the money supply increases.
Both decrease.

26. Open market operations is the key tool the Fed uses
Open market operations is the buying and selling of bonds, usually US Treasury securities

27. Class Activity: Let’s see how this works
Copy this activity into your notes. I think it will be helpful to study later.
Watch video: Macro Chapter 13 content- Fed buys bonds

28. Bank: (make up your own name)
Assets Liabilities + Net Worth
Required Reserves Deposits
Excess Reserves
Bonds Net Worth
Loans
Total Total

29. Results: New excess reserves at your bank = $100
Impact on money supply = $100 / 0.10 =
$1,000

30. Q13.5 (MA) When the Fed sells Treasury Bonds on the open market, it will tend to
increase the money supply
decrease the money supply
increase interest rates
decrease interest rates

31. Q13.6 (MA) When the Fed buys Treasury Bonds on the open market, it will tend to
increase the money supply
decrease the money supply
increase interest rates
decrease interest rates

32. Question Answers 13.1 = 3 13.2 = 1 13.3 = 2, 3, 6 13.4 = 2 13.5 = 2, 3
13.6 = 1, 4