1. Observations Data Model 2.0
A community information model for interoperability among feature-based earth observations
Jeff Horsburgh, USU. Project PI.
Anthony K. Aufdenkampe, Stroud Water Research Center
Kerstin Lehnert, IEDA/Columbia
Emilio Mayorga, UW-APL
Ilya Zaslavsky, SDSC
David Valentine, SDSC
David Tarboton, USU
David Lubinski, UC-Boulder
I’ll present a combination of the history behind this effort, our achievements and our vision – and along the way explain how the complexities of multiple disciplines and data types has required a community building and engagement effort that serves as an excellent prototype for EarthCube.

2. Critical Zone Science
Earth's permeable near-surface layer from the tops of the trees to the bottom of actively cycling groundwater.
Where rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms interact and shape the Earth's surface.
Critical to sustaining the earth’s sustaining services
Clean water
Productive soil
Balanced atmosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Minutes
Decades
Millenia
Eons
Data management needs for critical zone science – seamlessly integrate sensor data logged every few minutes to complex geochemical sample preparation and analysis and sample sharing
Hillslope Catchment Watershed

3. CZO Disciplines Biogeochemistry Biology/Ecology Biology/Molecular
Climatology/Meteorolog y
Data Management/CyberInfr astructure
Engineering/Method Development
Geochemistry/Mineralo gy
Geology/Chronology
Geomorphology
Geophysics
GIS/Remote Sensing
Hydrology
Modeling/ Computational Science
Outreach/ Education Research
Soil Science/Pedology
Water Chemistry

4. CZO Disciplines Big Data Long Tail Data Biogeochemistry Geomorphology
Biology/Ecology
Geophysics
Biology/Molecular
GIS/Remote Sensing
Climatology/Meteorology
Hydrology
Modeling/ Computational Science
Data Management/CyberIn frastructure
Outreach/ Education Research
Engineering/Method Development
Soil Science/Pedology
Geochemistry/ Mineralogy
Water Chemistry
Geology/Chronology

5. Geospatial Grids & Vectors
CZO Disciplines
Big Data
Long Tail Data
Sample-based
Sensor-based
Geospatial Grids & Vectors
Categorical

6. ODM2: Common to Most Data Types
Sensor
Extension
Equipment & Lab
Extensions
Observations
Core
Feature
Model
Generic
Extension
Common Semantics for Earth Observations
A common information model is critically important to the effectiveness and interoperability of domain Cyberinfrastructure.
CUAHSI
HIS
EarthChem
CZOData
IOOS
Domain Cyberinfrastructures

7. ODM2: Common to All Components
Database
Encoding
XML Schema
Legend
Data and Metadata Transfer
Catalog
Metadata
Catalog
Metadata
Transfer
Metadata
Transfer
Metadata Harvesting
Data Discovery
Information Model
It forms the conceptual foundation for each component of a data system. In practice, however, information models for each component are often arbitrarily different, limiting capabilities.
Data Storage
Data Delivery
Data Server
Clients
Data
Transfer

8. ODM2: Additional Goals Driven by Community & Use Cases:
3 workshops + ~12 data models + much feedback
use cases: CZOData, Little Bear River, PetDB, IOOS
Balance between general vs. understandable
External unique identifiers, vocabularies & taxonomies
Rich Specimen, Site & other Sampling Features
Granular Methods, Data Quality & Equipment
Dataset publishing & archiving via:
Result “packages”, Versions, Citations, Provenance
Strong Annotations & general extensibility

9. ODM2Core
Showing Entity Relationship Diagrams, but Class-Object Model is equally important and we’re actively developing an Object Relation Map

10. ODM2Core
At the very center of ODM2 is the concept of Observations; taken from OGC O&M. We consider ODM2 a profile of O&M.
“An Observation is an action whose result is an estimate of the value of some property of the feature-of-interest, obtained using a specified procedure”
Use cases pointed out the need to separate Action from Results, and to allow a single Action on many SamplingFeatures.

11. ODM2SamplingFeatures
Relationships between “Specimens” and the “Site” at which they were collected are captured in “FeatureParents”, which may also include other feature types

12. ODM2Results

13. ODM2ExternalIdentifiers

14. ODM2Provenance

15. ODM2Annotations

16. ODM2Equipment

17. ODM2DataQuality

18. ODM2LabAnalyses

19. ODM2Sensors

20. NSF Scientific Software Integration
BiG CZ SSI project ( ):
The community-driven BiG CZ software system for integration and analysis of bio- and geoscience data in the critical zone
Community Engagement in Software Design through co-design, training & testing workshops.
BiG CZ Portal web application for high-performance map-based discovery, visualization, access & publication of data on critical zone structure & function
BiG CZ Toolbox to enable cyber-savvy CZ scientists & data managers to manage and publish the data they produce through a single scientist-focused toolkit
BiG CZ Central software stack to bridge data systems developed for multiple critical zone domains
Required all software developed be Open Source, and required us to name the specific licenses that we will use.

21. Thank You Funded by the National Science Foundation EAR 1224638
ACI
ODM2 is on GitHUB:

22. ODM2: Object-Relation Map
Our project objectives requires that we create both object models and relationtional models

23. What can we do with ODM2? (that we couldn’t do before)
Add multiple comments/annotations to any entity
Represent Actions and sequences of Actions that lead to observation Results
More granularly represent people and organizations
Store information about Actions that do not have Results

24. What can we do with ODM2? (that we couldn’t do before)
Separate Results from ResultValues – enables multiple ResultTypes
Move DataValues out of the Core – better facilitates cataloging
Add taxonomic classifiers to Results, adding an additional dimension to observations
Create relationships among Results and store provenance
Group Results into Datasets

25. What can we do with ODM2? (that we couldn’t do before)
Store information about the equipment used to create observations
Add extension properties to any record in any entity
Link many entities to external identifier systems
Support SamplingFeatures of multiple types - Sites and Specimens, among others
Not limited to a single spatial offset
Not Limited to a single qualifier

26. Observation Data Model 2.0
NSF funded project: PI. Jeff Horsburgh
“Developing a Community Information Model and Supporting Software to Extend Interoperability of Sensor and Sample Based Earth Observations”
To achieve interoperability between IEDA, EarthCHEM, CUAHSI HIS, and other data systems
Better support for samples and unique identifiers (IGSN/SESAR)
Extensibility to table attributes
Better annotation and provenance
Enable integrated web service based publication of a broader class of CZO data

27. ODM2 Functional Use Cases
Information Model
(All)
Storage Encoding
(USU/LDEO)
Catalog Encoding
(SDSC)
Web Service Interface
(UW)
Archival Encoding
(USU)
XML Schema Encoding

28. Future Directions for CZO Science
Report prepared by CZO community, Dec. 2010
Develop a unifying theoretical framework of CZ evolution;
Develop coupled systems models to explore how CZ services respond to anthropogenic, climatic, and tectonic forcings;
Develop four dimensional data sets that
document differing CZ geologic and climatic settings,
inform our theoretical framework,
constrain our conceptual and coupled systems models,
test model-generated hypotheses.
Report Prepared by the CZO Community
December 29, 2010

29. EarthCube Critical Zone Domain Workshop
Engaging the Critical Zone community to bridge long tail science with big data
Convened by A.K. Aufdenkampe, C.J. Duffy, G.E. Tucker
Univ. of Delaware: Jan , 2013
Organizing Committee:
Kerstin Lehnert, IEDA/Columbia.
Ilya Zaslavsky, SDSC.
David Tarboton, USU
Jeff Horsburgh, USU.
Emilio Mayorga, UW-APL
James Syvitski, CSDMS.
Susan Brantley, PSU & SH-CZO.
Susan Gill, SWRC.

30. 103 Participants from 16 Disciplines
Biogeochemistry (30)
Biology/Ecology (15)
Biology/Molecular (3)
Climatology/ Meteorology (15)
Data Management/CyberInfra structure (46)
Engineering/Method Development (8)
Geochemistry/Mineralog y (13)
Geology/Chronology (14)
Geomorphology (15)
Geophysics (8)
GIS/Remote Sensing (31)
Hydrology (46)
Modeling/ Computational Science (36)
Outreach/ Education Research (7)
Soil Science/Pedology (16)
Water Chemistry (14)
Early-Career (28)