1. Key Issue: To what extent should we embrace an ideology?
Related Issue 1: To what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity?
To what extent are individualism/collectivism and identity interrelated?
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,
media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

2. To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is Identity?
Personal Identity is the idea that you have of yourself as a unique individual.
Collective Identity is one that you share with a group of people as a member of a large social group such as a linguistic, faith, cultural, or ethic group.
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,
media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

3. To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is Identity?
Shaped by our beliefs and values – it’s what we value as important
Influenced by:
Family
Language
Group experience
Media
Religion
Gender
Beliefs
Culture
Government
Relationship to land / environ.
Values
Personal experience
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,
media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

4. Factors that influence beliefs and values
Take 15 minutes to look over the handout concerning values and beliefs.
Read the sources and respond to the questions below.

5. Express one’s point of view as well as a collective’s perspective
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? Beliefs & values…
Express one’s point of view as well as a collective’s perspective
They impact your identity
It’s important to recognize beliefs and values are not universal truths
Just because one believes something, doesn’t make it necessarily right (Apartheid in South Africa)
We need to be able to negotiate with the beliefs and values of others (especially in a democracy) – acceptance of others
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,
media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

6. A set of principles / ideas to explain our world and our place in it
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is an ideology?
A set of principles / ideas to explain our world and our place in it
Helps us answer questions
What are humans like?
(human nature – good, evil, neutral)
Why do humans act the way they do?
(act based on beliefs and values)
What is our role as individuals in society?
(act individually or collectively; expectations placed on citizens is determined by their country’s ideology)
What is the nature of society?
(more individualist or collectivist)
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,
media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

7. a set of principles or ideas that explains your world and your place within it, which is based on certain assumptions about human nature and society and provides an interpretation of the past, an explanation of the present and a vision for the future.
IDEOLOGY

8. Characteristics of an ideology
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is an ideology?
Characteristics of an ideology
The answers an ideology provides to these questions form the characteristics of that ideology. Each ideology have these characteristics:
1. The nature of human nature: beliefs about how and why people act. Are they good or bad? Do they look out for the whole or just themselves?
2. The structure of society: Social, economic, political structures
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,
media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

9. Characteristics of an Ideology
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is an ideology?
Characteristics of an Ideology
3. Interpretations of history: The events of our past tend to influence the beliefs and values that we hold
4. Visions of the future: Visions of how the world should be in the future, which will guide the actions of the people who embrace the ideology.
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,
media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

10. To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is an ideology?
Please complete the Ideology In History worksheet. Please hand in at the front of the class!
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,
media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

11. Environment and Relationship to land
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is an ideology?
Themes of Ideologies
Nation
Race
Gender
Class
Religion
Environment and Relationship to land
1.5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature,
beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future)

12. To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
Blueprint for a society – how should we live together, what is expected of us
Ideologies lead people to make judgments
Certain actions on issues are correct (either with us or against us)
Certain actions on issues are incorrect (terrorists vs. freedom fighters)
1.5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature,
beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future)

13. To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
Ideologies determine our behaviour and actions
Radical, reactionary, moderate
Communist, utopian socialist, social democrat, liberalist, conservative, fascist
Acceptance of authority versus rights to dissent
Spectrums on acceptance / rejection of …
Change, use of violence, protection of individual rights, protection of collective rights
1.5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature,
beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future)

14. To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
Ideology is not static!
Beliefs change over time
Impacted/influenced by other ideologies
Immigrants challenge cultural uniformity
Challenges to racism

15. How does ideology impact identity?
We embrace ideologies that match our beliefs / values
Once an ideology is accepted, people may examine and re-interpret their own life according to the ideology
Our ideology impacts our actions, choices, perspective on the world, and how we relate to others
1.5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature,
beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future)

16. Analyzing ones identity
Please take 30 minutes to complete the ANALYZING ONES IDENTITY worksheet, and please hand in after you have completed it.
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,
media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

17. Related Issue 1: To what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity?
To what extent are individualism and
collectivism foundations of ideologies?
Exploring Individualism:
The Roots of Individualism in History
Individualism can be:
Political
Economic
Social
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and
freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

18. The Emergence of Individualism in Society
1300s
1600s – 1700s
Medieval Society
The Renaissance
The Renaissance
The Enlightenment
Very little individualism
Society was under feudalism
Religion had a lot of control over society
Important development: the Magna Carta
Why was it difficult for ordinary people in the middle ages to advance themselves or create a better life for their children?
Briefly record important details of the Magna Carta:
When:
Where:
What:
Why:
How (did it change society):
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and
freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

19. The Emergence of Individualism in Society
1300s
1600s – 1700s
Medieval Society
The Renaissance
The Renaissance
The Enlightenment
There is a renewed interest in the individual
But, most people did not possess rights or freedoms.
There is a renewed interest in the individual
But, people did not possess rights or freedoms. Some enjoyed privileges
What is a “humanist”?
Would you have preferred living during the Middle Ages or during the Renaissance? Why?
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and
freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

20. The Emergence of Individualism in Society
1300s
1600s – 1700s
Medieval Society
The Renaissance
The Renaissance
The Enlightenment
Europe undergoes significant change
First scientists, then philosophers, explore the idea of “natural law”
This is the Age of Reason
The video clip discusses some important Enlightenment philosophers. What ideas are associated with each of the following individuals?
John Locke:
Voltaire:
Montesquieu:
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and
freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

21. LIBERALISM emerges in the 1700’s
Liberalism is an ideology based on the importance of individual liberty.
The American Revolution (1776) & the French Revolution (1789) are fought for the liberal ideas of individual rights and freedoms.
A liberal democracy guarantees the rights and freedoms of its citizens.
What does “liberty” mean? (In other words, what is a synonym for liberty)?
How does Canada guarantee the rights and freedoms of its citizens?
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and
freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

22. Political Liberalism
all members of society should enjoy the same rights and freedoms.
Participation in government (democracy) is one important right.
Rights and freedoms should be guaranteed by law.
List some of the rights and freedoms we possess as Canadians:
Are there times when individuals should not have their rights and freedoms? Explain your answer.
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and
freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

23. Economic Liberalism
Individuals should have the right to property, and government should not interfere in the economy (the market).
The individual decisions of buyers and sellers should shape the economy, not the actions of government.
What are some of the economic freedoms we possess as Canadians?
Are there times when the government should interfere in the economy? When?
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and
freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

24. Social Liberalism
All members of society are equals and should be treated as such, regardless of individual differences.
All people should have the same access to society’s rights, freedoms, and quality of life.
Are equality and fairness the same thing? Explain your answer with an example.
What is “quality of life”? Does society have a responsibility to ensure that all citizens enjoy a basic minimum quality of life? Explain your answer.
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and
freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

25. Principles of Individualism
Private Property
Rule of Law
Individual rights and Freedom
Competition
Economic Freedom
Self Interest
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and
freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

26. Exploring Collectivism
To what extent are individualism and collectivism foundations of ideologies?
Exploring Collectivism
The principles of collectivism are the foundation of ideologies such as communism and socialism.
Most liberal democracies today have incorporated aspects of collectivism into their political, economic, and social systems
1.8 analyze collectivism as a foundation of ideology (principles of collectivism: collective
responsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms,
public property)

27. The Principles of Collectivism
Public Property
Responsibility (collective)
Interests (collective)
Norms (adherence to the collective)
Co operation
Economic Equality
1.8 analyze collectivism as a foundation of ideology (principles of collectivism: collective
responsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms,
public property)
Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism

28. Economic Equality may mean…
People with larger incomes should pay more taxes
All people should earn equal wages for work of similar nature
A Guaranteed annual income (GAI)
All people should share in the wealth of the country
People should own the means of production collectively
Everything should be free - no private property
1.8 analyze collectivism as a foundation of ideology (principles of collectivism: collective
responsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms,
public property)
Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism

29. Progressive Taxation
In Canada we have tried to bring about more economic equality (redistribute the wealth) by introducing Progressive Taxation.
Progressive Taxation means that people who earn more money are taxed at a higher rate.
1.4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism
Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism

30. Karl Marx believed in “abolition of private property” in his Communist Manifesto that argued that workers should profit from their own labour. Thus, in a communist state, all industries are controlled by the state for the common good.
Liberal democratic countries such as Canada also may have public property - such as National parks, schools, roads, libraries, Crown land and Crown corporations.
1.4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism

31. Crown Corporations in Canada
Via Rail, CBC, and Canada Post, are examples of Crown Corporations maintained with public money raised through taxation.
1.4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism
Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism

32. Social Programs and Public Services
Canada is a good example of a society in which individualist and collectivist values are used side by side.
While we have individual rights and freedoms, the rule of law and economic freedom, we also benefit from a wide variety of social programs and public services provided by our government, such as health care, employment insurance, welfare, and public education.
1.4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism
Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism

33. Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism
When speaking of individualism and collectivism, people sometimes try to suggest that the two viewpoints are incompatible.
While there are times that they are at odds, there are often aspects that compliment each other.
Sometimes individualism and collectivism work together for the common good of society.
1.4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism

34. Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism
Americans are well known for their emphasis on the principle of individualism
Even so, the majority of North Americans believe that government should provide help to those who need it, and idea that is essentially collectivist

35. Attitudes about Individualism and Collectivism in N. America

36. Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism
Social capital is the strength of social relationships between individuals
Some researchers have claimed that increased individualism in a society leads to an increased sense of commitment to the collective
Indications lead us to believe that individualism and collectivism are not opposing concepts

37. Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism:
Entrepreneurialism-people pursue success individually but successful businesses do things beneficial to the collective like provide jobs or do positive things
Social Programs- A country like Canada can be individualistic but also has social programs (health care, welfare, etc) that provide for all
NGOs- these are created with specific goals in mind to benefit the community but are also privately created and funded
Read the other examples on pages

38. Balancing Individual Needs With the Public/Common Good
Smoking Ban, Cell Phone Ban, Curfews, Etc.
In groups of 3-4, using the examples above, write a statement in which you respond to the following:
How does our society balance the needs of individuals with those of the public good?
For each of the issues, be sure to include a list of:
Societies needs
Individuals needs
A balanced response

39. Political & Economic Spectrums and Ideologies
What is a political and/or economic spectrum?
A political (economic) spectrum is a way of modeling different political (economic) positions by placing them upon one or more geometric axes symbolizing independent political (economic) dimensions
What might these spectrums include? Examples?
Political
Right Wing
Left Wing
Communism
Socialism
Fascism
Dictatorships
Conservatism
Liberalism
Economic
Centrally Planned
Laissez Faire
Free Market
Command
Capitalism
Collectivism
Individualism
Lets take a look…
Take a Spectrum Test
Or This Short One