1. Daily Spark Tuesday, March 2nd
In order to receive full credit, be sure to include today’s date and use complete sentences.
Why did President James Monroe issue the Monroe Doctrine?

2. Expansion and War in the United States
Preview
Main Idea / Reading Focus
Growth of the United States
Quick Facts: Causes and Effects of Westward Expansion
Map: Westward Expansion of the United States
The Civil War
Faces of History: Abraham Lincoln
Visual Study Guide / Quick Facts
Video: The Impact of the Women’s Suffrage Movement

3. Expansion and War in the United States
Main Idea
As the United States began to expand west, conflicts erupted over territory and slavery.
Reading Focus
How did the United States expand during the first half of the 1800s?
What issues led to civil war in the United States?

4. Growth of the United States
In 1803 the U.S. completed the Louisiana Purchase; during the rest of the century, America would continue to grow and expand westward.
Early 1800s, United States still young nation
Had recently won independence, but Great Britain still harassing former colony
Seizing American sailors to use in war with France
Helping Native Americans fight settlers in Northwest
A Young Nation
United States, Great Britain went to war in 1812
At war’s end, no territory changed hands; some felt America proved independence
1820s, President James Monroe declared Americas off limits to further European colonization in Monroe Doctrine
War of 1812

5. Texas and Mexico Texas Becomes State
1820, Moses Austin got permission from Spain to found small settlements in Texas, which was part of Mexico
When Mexico gained independence from Spain, strict laws imposed on settlers in Texas
Settlers fought for, achieved independence for Republic of Texas
Texas Becomes State
1845, Texas admitted to union as state
Mexican government claimed Texas still part of Mexico
Led to Mexican-American War, 1846 to 1848
United States won the war and gained large territory (now the southwestern United States)

6. The Move West Manifest Destiny Reasons for Moving
By 1850, westward expansion of United States had been ongoing for half century
United States claimed territory all the way to Pacific Ocean
Rapid expansion led some Americans to believe they had God-given right to settle land
Term manifest destiny came to describe this belief
Manifest Destiny
Settlers headed west for many reasons
1848, gold discovered in California; massive migration
National law promised 160 acres of free land to anyone making trip west
Thousands of Americans packed belongings into covered wagons, traveled west
Reasons for Moving

8. Effects on Native Americans
Conflict
Settlers often moved onto land inhabited for years by Native Americans
Frequent conflict between Native Americans and settlers
Some believed solution was to push Native Americans further west
Indian Removal Act
1830, Indian Removal Act called for relocation of five Indian nations to Indian Territory, part of Louisiana Territory in Great Plains
Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek forced from homes
Cherokee March
Cherokee march to Indian Territory so deadly it became known as Trail of Tears; estimated that a quarter of those who made trip died
Subsequent laws moved Native Americans onto designated reservations

10. What territories did the United States acquire between 1803 and 1850?
Summarize
What territories did the United States acquire between 1803 and 1850?
Answer(s): Louisiana, Texas, Mexican Cession

11. The Civil War
As the United States expanded west, the issue of slavery became a national problem. Many believed denying freedom to enslaved people was wrong. Some fought for abolition, or the end of slavery.
Americans had to decide if new states would allow slavery
Southerners worried that new states without slavery might shift power in Congress, end all slavery
The Road to War
1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act created two new territories in West
Slavery issue left to residents of states
Set off bitter debate between anti- and pro-slavery citizens
Compromises
After election of Abraham Lincoln as president, South Carolina separated from Union; this act called secession
Other southern states soon followed
South Carolina

12. War Begins
Pro-slavery states seceded from union, set up own government, Confederate States of America
Selected Jefferson Davis as president, drafted own constitution
Lincoln did not believe states had right to secede
Ordered supplies to American fort in Fort Sumter, South Carolina
First shots of Civil War fired at Fort Sumter
War continued four years
More than 500,000 soldiers died
As conflict grew, future of country in balance

13. The Emancipation Proclamation
January 1863, Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, declared all slaves free in areas of Confederate states not already conquered by Union; Proclamation helped North in many ways
Many southern slaves fled to North, which hurt Southern economy
Gave renewed purpose to Union soldiers
Caused European powers to withdraw support from Confederacy
Battle of Gettysburg represented turning point in war
Union soldiers defeated Confederate troops, began to believe they could win war
Lincoln delivered famous speech at dedication of battlefield
The Union Prevails
War continued about one-and-a-half more years
Union forces gained advantage
Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union general Ulysses S. Grant in 1865
War ended; issues remained
End of War

15. Effects of the Civil War
After the Civil War much of the South lay in ruins. Large areas were destroyed, and the economy was ruined. The final battles had also damaged railroads, roads, and bridges. Many Americans wondered how the federal government would treat the former Confederate states.
Reconstruction was time of rebuilding in South
Difficult because people had different ideas on how to solve problems caused by war
Congress passed several laws, constitutional amendments
Reconstruction
Fourteenth: granted citizenship to all freed African Americans and equal rights “enjoyed by white citizens”
Fifteenth: voting rights could not be denied based on race
Amendments
Reconstruction did not fully achieve goal of equal rights, but a foundation was laid for later civil rights movement in America.

16. In what ways did Reconstruction succeed and in what ways did it fail?
Contrast
In what ways did Reconstruction succeed and in what ways did it fail?
Answer(s): It succeeded by passing the Civil Rights Act and the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, protecting and extending rights of African Americans. It failed because southern states continued to pass discriminatory laws and prevented many African Americans from making a decent living.