1. Bellringer
Name 2 inventors and their inventions that will be discussed in this section.

2. Chapter 13 Mass Society and Democracy
Section 1
The Growth of Industrial Prosperity

3. The Second Industrial Revolution
The new industrial frontiers of the 1800s:
Steel
Chemicals
Electricity
Oil

4. New Products Between 1870 and 1914 steel replaced iron.
New methods for shaping steel made it possible to build lighter, smaller, and faster machines, engines, railroads, and more.

5. New Products
By 1913 Great Britain, France, Belgium, and Germany were producing an astounding 32 tons of steel a year.

6. New Products
The new energy from electricity was valuable because it was convertible into heat, light, and motion.

7. New Products
By 1910 hydroelectric power stations and coal-fired steam generating plants allowed houses and factories to have a single, common power source.
Early European plant

8. Inventors Using Electricity
Thomas Edison
Light Bulb

9. Inventors Using Electricity
Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone

10. Inventors Using Electricity
Guglielmo Marconi
First radio waves across the Atlantic

11. Streetcars & Subways
By the 1880s streetcars and subways powered by electricity appeared in European cities.
1st streetcar in Europe

12. Internal Combustion Engine
The development of the internal combustion engine provided a new power source for transportation and new kinds of transportation:
What kind of transportation you ask???
Ocean liners
Airplanes
Automobile

13. Orville & Wilbur Wright

14. The Wright Brothers

15. New Patterns
Increased sales of manufactured goods caused industrial production to grow.
Wages increased after 1870.
Reduced transportation costs caused prices to fall.
Urban department stores put many consumer goods up for sale.

16. New Patterns
Some European countries did not benefit from the Second Industrial Revolution.
Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belguim, France, among others had a high standard of living.
British Netherlands
Belgium France

17. New Patterns
Spain, Portugal, Russia, Austria-Hungary, the Balkans, and southern Italy were agricultural and much less wealthy.
They provided the industrialized nations with food and raw materials.

18. Toward a World Economy There developed a true world economy in Europe.
Goods came In
Capital invested abroad

19. Organizing the Working Classes
Industrial workers formed socialist political parties and unions to improve their working conditions.

20. Karl Marx Karl Marx developed the theory socialism was based on.
1848 – The Communist Manifesto

21. The Communist Manifesto
Spoke out against industrial working conditions and blamed capitalism.
Proposed a new social system.
One form was called Communism.

22. Karl Marx Beliefs on Industry
World history was a history of class struggle b/w oppressing owners and oppressed workers.
Oppressors controlled politics and gov’t.
Gov’t is an instrument of the ruling class.

23. Karl Marx Beliefs on Society
Believed that society was divided b/w the bourgeoisie (middle-class opressors) and the proletariat (working-class oppressed), each hostile toward the other.
Predicted the conflict would result in a revolution in which the proletariat would violently overthrow the bourgeoisie and form dictatorship.
The revolution would produce a society w/o classes and class conflict.

24. Socialist Parties
German Social Democratic Party (SPD), 1875, was the most important working class party.
Worked to pass laws for improving conditions of the working class
Became Germany’s largest party in 1912 and received 4 million votes.

25. Socialist Parties Emerged in Europe as well.
1889 various leaders formed the Second International.
Dedicated to fight worldwide capitalism.

26. Division of Marxists
Pure Marxist looked to overthrow capitalism violently.
Other Marxists, revisionists, rejected the revolutionary program and argued to work with other parties for reforms.
Democratic rights would help workers achieve their goals.

27. Trade Unions
Trade unions worked for evolutionary, not revolutionary, change.
1870s – Great Britain unions won the right to strike.
Trade Union workers used the strike to achieve their goals.

28. Trade Unions
By 1900 two million workers were in British trade unions. By 1914 there were four million, and trade unions had made great progress toward improving conditions.

29. Review 1. What were the new frontiers of the 1800s?
2. Who invented the following?
Telephone
Lightbulb
Radio waves across the Atlantic
Airplane

30. Review ctd… 3. Leader of the Socialist movement?
4. Most important socialist working class party?

31. Next: Section 2 The Emergence of Mass Society
End of Section 1
Next: Section 2
The Emergence of Mass Society