1. Mr. Russo Beaumont High School
Ch 3 Notes
Mr. Russo
Beaumont High School

2. Ch 3 Vocab Matrix – Pg 30 Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock Lava
Intrusive Igneous
Magma
Extrusive Igneous
Weathering
Erosion
Sediments
Compaction
Sedimentary Rock
Cementation

3. Objective – Notes Ch 3.1(Pg 32)
We will be able to describe how the 3 major types of rocks are formed

4. Rock
Rock – A solid mass of mineral or mineral like matter that occurs naturally

5. What are the 3 major types of rocks?
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

6. Igneous Rock
Igneous Rock – Igneous rock forms when molten rock (magma/lava) cools and becomes solid

7. Magma
Magma – Molten rock below the surface

8. Lava
Lava – Molten Rock above the surface

9. Weathering / Sediments
Weathering – When rocks are broken down to bits and pieces
Sediments – The bits and pieces that occur due to weathering

10. Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary Rock – Rock that forms from sediments being compacted or cemented together

11. Metamorphic Rock
Metamorphic Rock – Forms under intense heat and pressure

12. Rock Cycle
Rock Cycle – The cycle that shows how rocks change from one type to another.
TAKES A VERY LONG TIME

13. What powers the Earth’s Rock Cycle?
Igneous / Metamorphic Rock form due to the heat from the INTERIOR OF THE EARTH.
Sedimentary Rock forms due to weathering which is caused by THE SUN

14. Objective – Notes 3.2 (Pg 35)
We will be able to describe the characteristics that differentiate intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks

15. What does the Latin word “ignis” mean?
Ignis means Fire
Igneous rock comes from molten lava or magma (very hot)

16. Intrusive Igneous
Intrusive Igneous – Rocks that cool or harden below the surface.
Common Example - Granite

17. Extrusive Igneous
Extrusive Igneous Rocks – Rocks that cool or harden above the surface
Common Example - Rhyolite

18. Question Does magma form an extrusive or intrusive igneous rock?
Does lava form an extrusive or intrusive igneous rock?
Extrusive

19. Characteristics - Igneous
Intrusive
Extrusive
Made of what?
Magma
lava
How fast does it cool?
Slow
Fast
Crystal Size
Large
Very Small
Texture
Coarse –Grained
Fine-Grained

20. What igneous rock is made of magma?
How fast does intrusive rock cool?
What is the texture of a extrusive igneous rock?

21. How does the rate of cooling affect the texture?
Cools very slow – Rough texture (coarse-grained)
Cools very fast – Smooth texture (fine-grained)

23. Objective – Notes 3.3 (Pg 39)
We will be able to describe the relationship between compaction, cementing, clastic and chemical sedimentary rocks.

24. Ch 3.3 Erosion Erosion – Weathering and removal of rock
Water, wind, ice, gravity

25. Deposition
Deposition – When rock sediment is deposited into a new area
Largest sediments deposit first
Small sediments deposit last

26. Compaction
Compaction – A process that squeezes or compacts sediments

27. Cementation
Cementation – When dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among the sediments (sediments are glued together)

28. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic sedimentary Rock – made of weathered bits of rock and minerals

29. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical Sedimentary Rock – Dissolved minerals become solid in water

30. Are clastic sedimentary formed by compaction or cementing
Are clastic sedimentary formed by compaction or cementing? Chemical sedimentary?
Clastic Sedimentary Rock – Compaction
Chemical Sedimentary Rock - Cementing

31. What is unique of sedimentary rocks?
They give us clues to how, when and where the rock formed.
Bottom layers are the oldest layer
Top layer is the youngest layer

32. What is unique of sedimentary rocks?
Fossils are only found in sedimentary rocks.

34. Objective: 3.4 Notes (pg 42 )
We will be able to describe the 2 types of metamorphic rocks and how they form

35. Ch 3.4 Metamorphism
Metamorphism – Existing rocks change by heat and pressure
Metamorphic rocks look much different than parent rock

36. Where does most metamorphism take place?
High temperatures and pressure
A few kilometers (miles) below the surface

37. Contact Metamorphism
Contact Metamorphism – Hot magma moves into rock

38. Regional Metamorphism
Regional Metamorphism – Large scale deformation – mountain building

39. What are the 3 agents of metamorphism?
Heat
Pressure
Hydrothermal solutions (Very hot liquids)

40. Foliated metamorphic rocks
Foliated metamorphic Rocks – Metamorphic rocks with a layered or banded appearance

41. Non-foliated metamorphic rocks
Non-foliated metamorphic rock – A metamorphic rock that does not have a banded texture. Ex-marble