1. Test Review AP World History Ch. 8-10
Part II

2. What is a “Shogun”? What was the position of the emperor in Japan?
A “Shogun” was the military leader of all Japan. This was achieved through military conquest
The emperor was largely a dynastic title. The real power was held by the Shogun

3. Describe the feudal system in Japan during the 600-1200 C.E. period
The Heiji War, marks the beginning of feudal Japan, for the relationship of various provincial generals and lords to the shogun was the relationship of vassals to a lord. The individual provinces were more or less independent; their lords, or daimyo, took oaths of allegiance to the shogun.

4. Political aspects of feudal Japan
What was significant about the Kamakura shogunate?
1st of three de-centralized military –led governments
Rise of Samurai class of warriors
Compare European and Japanese feudalism

5. Who is Murasaki Shikibu?
Female noblewoman-author of Tales of the Genji
Book about the son of the Japanese emperor in Kyoto around 1000 C.E.

6. What technological achievements of the Koryo dynasty of Korea?
Beautifully printed editions of Buddhist texts
Woodblock printing
Moveable type-improved by the Chinese led to more cheaply printed texts, available to all
What is Champa rice?
Originally from India, became the staple crop in southern Viet Nam (Champa) and was brought as tribute to the Song China court and became popular with Chinese farmers because it matured faster than their own rice variety.

7. Compare the philosophies of Buddhism and Confucianism
Although both began as guidelines for living, Buddhism has developed into a religion. Confucianism emphasized inner harmony with nature and ancestor veneration, but Buddhism focused on development of the individual with nirvana, or total spiritual satisfaction as the goal.

8. What are the differences between Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism?
Neo-Confucianism became popular during the Song dynasty in China. It was a new interpretation of the teachings of Confucius. This new interpretation emphasized individual moral and social responsibility with the “sage” who deals with social problems calmly as the human ideal
Pg. 258

9. Buddhists & Confucianists continued…
Neo-Confucianists & Buddhists used meditation
Civil examinations for government positions included questions from Confucian classics and although this meant that positions were based on merit, noble sons who had the time to study the classics were more often successful.
Success meant good marriage prospects, high salary and prestige. Failure could ruin a man and his family

10. What factors contributed to the growth of cities after 1200 C.E.?
“Communes” of citizens demanded more autonomy for self-government
Increase in agriculture=increase in population (use of horse collar, plow)
Return to money based economy=more craftspeople rather than farmers
Development of manufacturing and trade

11. Where is Kievan Rus? Why was it important to trade?
The Slav peoples, ruled by the Swedish Vikings (Varangians) who lived in the area of Kiev controlled the trade on the Dnieper and Volga Rivers, much of trade was with the Byzantine Empire (blue)
Pg. 232

12. Who are the Slavs?
member of the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe, residing chiefly in eastern and southeastern Europe but extending also across northern Asia to the Pacific Ocean. Slavic languages belong to the Indo-European family. Customarily Slavs are subdivided into east Slavs (chiefly Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians), west Slavs (chiefly Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, and Wends, or Sorbs), and south Slavs (chiefly Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and Macedonians). Bulgarians, though of mixed origin like the Hungarians, speak a Slavic language and are often designated as south Slavs.

13. What factors led to the development of a middle class in many post-classical societies?
Change from subsistence farming to technological diffusion, increase in population and consequently trade increases led to the development of a merchant class. The merchant class developed power through control of the economy.

14. What effect did the Franks have on Europe?
member of a Germanic-speaking people who invaded the western Roman Empire in the 5th century ad. Dominating present-day northern France, Belgium, and western Germany, the Franks established the most powerful Christian kingdom of early medieval western Europe. The name France (Francia) is derived from their name.

15. In general, what rights did women have before 800 C.E.?
Some rights in marriage as to choice of partner or to choose divorce
Some rights to property, laws upheld their rights to have protection and support from a husband
Women had control of the home and children although subservient to the husband.
Some women could work outside the home in markets or as mid-wives.

16. Comparison Questions

17. Compare the Tang dynasty with the Byzantine empire
Christianity became popular but Buddhism was predominant
Major trade center of Asia on Silk Road
Built on accomplishments of Sui dynasty
Tang Code of laws streamlined legal system
Byzantine
Christianity became predominant religion
Major trade inter-section on Silk Road
Built on accomplishments of Roman Empire
Justinian Code of laws streamlined legal system

18. Compare classical Rome to the Islamic Golden Age
Innovations in architecture and building practical inventions such as aquaducts
Islamic Golden Age
Inventions were more intellectual such as mathmatics, astronomy, medicine

19. How are the Song dynasty and Italian city-states similar?
River side cities became centers of bustling trade
Canals improved travel in and between cities
“Flying money” allowed credit in other cities
Italian city-states
Located on the rivers and seaways of Italy
Dominated the maritime trade in the Mediterranean
Cities became independent through the power of trade
Gold coinage became prolific due to trade increase

20. Compare the Byzantine Empire to Rome
Flourished due to location on Silk Road
Christianity became predominant
Art centered on religious icons
Suffered from attacks from Germanic tribes and Muslims
Rome
Began to lose economic stability due to droughts & plague
Polytheism
Art was bas-relief, realistic sculpture in stone
Suffered attacks from Germanic tribes

21. How did you do?
Good Luck!