1. Module 4: Configuring a Client for Name Resolution

2. Overview Resolving Client Names Managing the ARP Cache
Overview of NetBIOS
Using Static Name Resolution
Using Dynamic Name Resolution
Summarizing the Name Resolution Process

3. Lesson: Resolving Client Names
The Name Resolution Process

4. Multimedia: The Name Resolution Process
A DNS client can use several different methods to resolve an IP address from an FQDN
DNS Server
Payroll.contoso.msft
Corp01.contoso.msft

5. Lesson: Managing the ARP Cache
Static and Dynamic ARP Cache Entries
How ARP Resolves IP Addresses to MAC Addresses
Using the ARP Tool to Manage the ARP Cache

6. Static and Dynamic ARP Cache Entries
An ARP cache
The cache is a table of recently resolved IP addresses and their corresponding MAC addresses
TCP/IP checks the ARP cache before sending an ARP request
To view the cache, type arp –a at the command prompt
Static cache entries: Dynamic cache entries:
Have no time-out value
Must be added manually
Must be updated
Have a time-out value
Are removed after the specified time

7. How ARP Resolves IP Addresses to MAC Addresses
ARP cache is checked 1
ComputerB 2
ARP request is sent
ARP entry is added 3 4
ARP reply is sent 6
IP packet is sent
ARP entry is added 5
ComputerA
ComputerC

8. Using the ARP Tool to Manage the ARP Cache

9. Practice: Identifying a MAC Address
In this practice, you will identify a MAC address

10. Practice: Viewing and Modifying the ARP Cache
In this practice, you will view the ARP cache and then modify it

11. Lesson: Overview of NetBIOS
The Types of Names Computers Use
What Is NetBIOS?
What Is a NetBIOS Name?
What Is NetBT?
Types of NetBT Nodes
What Is Nbtstat?

12. The Types of Names Computers Use
Description
NetBIOS Names
16-byte address
Can represent a single computer or group of computers
15 characters used for the name
16th character is used by the services that a computer offers to the network
Host Names
Assigned to a computer’s IP address
255 characters in length
Can contain alphabetic and numeric characters, hyphens, and periods.
Can take various forms
Alias
Domain name

13. What Is NetBIOS? OSI TCP/IP Application Application Presentation
Session
NetBIOS Applications
Transport
Transport
NetBIOS Interface
Network
Internet
NetBIOS
Is an API
Operates at the session and transport layers of the OSI protocol stack
Establishes names, sessions and data transfer
Data-Link
Link
Physical

14. What Is a NetBIOS Name? 16 byte name
Payroll <00> Payroll <20>
Corp <00> Corp <20>
16 byte name
16th character is a 1 byte hexadecimal identifier
Used for the name of a computer or the name of a service running on the computer

15. What Is NetBT? Application NetBIOS Applications Transport
NetBIOS Interface
NetBT
Internet
TCP/IP
NetBT
Runs on top of the TCP/IP network protocol
Supports discovery, registration and release of NetBIOS names
Uses broadcast or a NetBIOS name server, depending on node type

16. Types of NetBT Nodes NetBt Node Types B-node (broadcast)
Uses NetBIOS broadcast name queries
P-node (peer-to-peer)
Uses NBNS
M-node (mixed)
A combination of B-node and P-node. Uses broadcast by default
H-node (hybrid)
A combination of B-node and P-node. Uses NBNS by default
Microsoft enhanced B-node
Uses the Lmhosts file

17. Practice: Determining and Setting the NetBT Node Type of a Client
In this practice, you will determine and then change the NetBT node type of a client computer

18. What Is Nbtstat? Use nbstat to:
Check the state of current NetBT connections
Update the Lmhosts cache
Determine the registered name of a client

19. Lesson: Using Static Name Resolution
Using an Lmhosts File
Guidelines for Configuring a Client to Use Lmhosts
Using a Hosts File

20. What is the IP address for london?
Using an Lmhosts File
What is the IP address for london? 1
localhost
router
london
Lmhosts File 2

21. Guidelines for Configuring a Client to Use Lmhosts
An entry consists of the IP address, one space or tab, and the NetBIOS name
Entries can represent all versions of Windows
Each entry must be on a separate line. Use a carriage return after the final entry
NetBIOS names can contain uppercase, lowercase and special characters
# marks the start of a comment or a keyword

22. Practice: Adding an Entry to the Lmhosts File
In this practice, you will add an entry to the client Lmhosts file

23. What is the IP address for s1?
Using a Hosts File
What is the IP address for s1? 1
localhost
router
server1.central.microsoft.com s1
Hosts File 2
Client

24. Practice: Adding an Entry to the Hosts File
In this practice, you will add an entry to the client Hosts file

25. Lesson: Using Dynamic Name Resolution
What Is WINS?
What Is DNS?
The DNS Suffix

26. What Is WINS? ? 1 2 3 OK Queries a WINS Server
Payroll
WINS Server
NetBIOS Name
Registration Query OK ?
Queries a WINS Server
Determines if name is in use or not
If not in use, then registers the NetBIOS name and associated IP address 1 2 3

27. FQDN: printserver.contoso.com. Other top-level domains
What Is DNS?
FQDN: printserver.contoso.com.
Root domain
( “.” Root)
Other top-level domains
Com
Parent domain
Edu
Org
Contoso
Child domain
printserver
accounts
payroll

28. The DNS Suffix corp05.contoso.com. corp01.sales.contoso.com. “.” Root
FQDN
corp05.contoso.com.
corp01.sales.contoso.com.
DNS Suffix
Host Name
corp01 =
corp05 =
com
“.” Root
contoso
sales

29. Practice: Using Ipconfig to Manage the DNS Client Resolver Cache
In this practice, you will use Ipconfig to manage the DNS client cache

30. Practice: Configuring a Client to Use a Name Server
In this practice, you will configure a client to resolve names using DNS

31. Lesson: Summarizing Name Resolution Processes
How Client Names Are Resolved

32. How Client Names Are Resolved
Enter command 1
Name is resolved
Lmhosts File 8
DNS name cache 2
Broadcast 7
WINS Server 6
DNS Server 3
NetBIOS name cache 5
Hosts File 4