1. Planning for high-challenge, high support classrooms
Setting up EAL/D Learners for Success
(English as an Additional Language/Dialect)
Colleen Combe, Consultant, Teaching Multilingual Learners (TML) Program NT DET

2. What do your EAL/D learners need to do if they are to achieve success in their academic learning?

3. UNESCO, 2007, Promoting literacy in multilingual settings, p.7

4. How do we support our EAL/D learners
How do we support our EAL/D learners? Questions all teachers need to consider

5. 1.
What are the basic essential skills, knowledge and understandings that learners need in order for them to progress successfully?

6. Content Think about your teaching area. What age are your learners?
What are the basic , essential skills , knowledge and understandings that your learners need?
Where do you obtain information about this?

7. Cummins: BICS Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills
The language necessary for day to day living including conversations with friends and informal interactions
2 years

8. Cummins: CALP Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency
The language necessary to understand and discuss content in the classroom
Cognitively demanding
–deals with abstract concepts,
has specialised vocabulary
uses more complex language
5 – 7 years

9. Cognitively undemanding Cognitively demanding
Context
Talking with friends
Absence excuses
Buying lunch
Art, music classes
Telephone
Notes from friends
Writing instructions
Embedded
Demonstrations
Audio visual lessons
Science experiments
Basic Maths computations
Standardized tests
Reading/writing
Maths concepts
Most classes
Reduced
Cognitively demanding

10. Cummins
‘ We should not assume that non-native speakers who have attained a high degree of fluency and accuracy in everyday spoken English have the corresponding academic language proficiency’
‘The non-native speakers who have exited from the ESL program, are still, in most cases, in the process of catching up with their native speaking peers.’

11. 2.
What English language knowledge, skills and understandings do teachers need to teach in order for learners to engage successfully with the content?

12. Language use Think about lessons/task you teach
What vocabulary do the learners need to use?
What language functions do they need to know about ? (eg: describing, explaining, justifying, evaluating, explaining, predicting, showing cause and effect)
What language features (grammar) do they need to use?
What text types?

13. What is the content knowledge?
English language & literacy
How do images help to explain?
Science
Evidence, Explanations and Models - How does change affect the properties of materials?
Maths
How do we use classification in Maths?
Personal Learning Plan
Why should I be accurate and seek accuracy in my work?
Close & Important Relationships
How can groups work effectively?
Industrial Arts
What can we use to make accessories?
Physical Fitness
How can physical fitness be improved?
Adventure Sports
How do I prepare for an adventure experience?

14. Science How does change affect the properties of materials?
NPM 4
use a simple model to explain how particles are arranged in solids, liquids and gases and how they undergo physical changes
describe the features of physical and chemical changes
identify matter as elements, mixtures and compounds
NPM 3
describe relationships between properties, composition and uses of different materials
classify materials as solids, liquids, gases and explain why

15. Science as Inquiry Learners demonstrating solid evidence of ....
Band 4 SI 4 Investigating
plan and communicate, using labelled diagrams or text, a procedure for an investigation to test a simple hypothesis including the use of repeat trials or replicates
use line graphs to display continuous data and bar graphs to display discontinuous data
identify and interpret patterns and relationships in their data, draw conclusions and make suggestions for improving investigations
communicate investigation results, analysis and evaluation of results
Band 3 SI 2 Investigating
contribute to planning investigations with awareness of fair testing and repetition
make measurements and record their results in tables, graphs and other structured forms
identify and describe results with predictions and draw conclusions that summarise their findings

16. 3.
What teaching approach/ methodology or model should teachers use so that the learners can successfully engage in the learning?

17. 4.
What activities/strategies do teachers need to use in their lesson planning to allow learners to access the content required and build on their language understandings in order to be successful learners and progress?

18. ESL Methodology and Strategies
Think about:
How do you plan your lessons so that EAL/D the learners are learning both the language and the content at an appropriate cognitive level?
How do you ‘scaffold’ the learning in your class so that your EAL?D learners are actively using the required language?
What ‘strategies’ do you provide so that your EAL/D learners can access the learning materials?

19. Intercultural Learning
Learning language
Learning about the language
Intercultural Learning
Develop socio-cultural understandings to be able to ‘bridge’ across cultures
Learning through the language
A focus on meaning
This requires input or the language that learners listen to or read, to be comprehensible. It also involves critical literacy
A focus on use. This involves using language to transform what has been learned through generating new knowledge, creating literature & art, and acting on social realities
A focus on language forms and uses - at the whole text, sentence and word level and the ability to critically analyse these.

21. 5.
How do teachers know where their EAL/D learners are at in terms of their English language development and where they need to go?

22. ESL Target Setting Think about
At what ESL level are the learners in your class?
What does this mean?
How do you move them on?
What planning is needed?

23. NTCF ESL Levels – Secondary Listening and Speaking
L L3.1 Communication learn through SAE, identify some main points/ details, sequence and infer from short spoken texts L L3.2 Socio-cultural understandings identify some oral text types, respond to social cues, and interpret intonation and stress L L3.3 Language structures and features follow the language structures and features of some social and school-based oral texts L L3.4 Learning-how-to-learn seek repetition/clarification and use known language and some visual support to extend understanding of oral texts.
L L4.1 Communication make some inferences, identify main ideas and connect ideas and details in extended talk in familiar language across the curriculum L L4.2 Socio-cultural understandings recognise purposes of oral texts and respond to different registers L L4.3 Language structures and features follow some colloquialisms, idioms and some complex vocabulary/structures in extended talk L L4.4 Learning-how-to-learn clarify meaning using classroom and outside resources.
L L5.1 Communication follow social SAE easily and follow main ideas in discussions and extended talk and identify relevant information from subject-specific talk L L5.2 Socio-cultural understandings identify some interpersonal, expressive and cultural aspects that affect SAE use L L5.3 Language structures and features identify key oral structural and language features of more complex texts L L5.4 Learning-how-to-learn rely on speaker's explanations.
L L6.1 Communication follow informal and formal SAE in many social and classroom situations L L6.2 Socio-cultural understandings infer intentions, some cultural nuances, humour and metaphors with support L L6.3 Language structures & features follow extended oral texts from a range of registers, demonstrating increased knowledge of vocabulary and complex structures L L6.4 Learning-how-to-learn reflect on and assess content for relevance and accuracy.
Speaking
S L3.1 Communication communicate and learn through SAE in predictable situations and construct sequenced oral texts using limited SAE S L3.2 Socio-cultural understandings use aspects of spoken SAE language behaviour when communicating and learning at school S L3.3 Language structures and features  manipulate learned structures and features to make original utterances,characterised by simplified language and varying grammatical accuracy S L3.4 Learning-how-to-learn practise, take some risks, initiate talk with support.
S L4.1 Communication express the main point and some detail of ideas and opinions in supportive classroom situations, using a range of familiar spoken texts types S L4.2 Socio-cultural understandings use SAE register features including intonation in formal and informal situations S L4.3 Language structures and features adapt available SAE vocabulary and some complex structures for expanded talk with grammatical accuracy, pronunciation and stress S L4.4 Learning-how-to-learn access and incorporate SAE into own oral repertoire from a range of oral and written sources.
S L5.1 Communication participate actively in social, expressive and informational contexts and elaborate ideas, with support S L5.2 Socio-cultural understandings use appropriate SAE in formal and informal situations, applying some cultural conventions S L5.3 Language structures and features demonstrate control over basic oral vocabulary and language structures with uneven accuracy of some grammatical features and imagery in complex talk S L5.4 Learning-how-to-learn use knowledge of SAE to sustain and monitor spoken SAE.
S L6.1 Communication communicate effectively in familiar formal and informal social and learning contexts S L6.2 Socio-cultural understandings adapt language to their own and their listeners’ needs S L6.3 Language structures & features speak fluently with some control over subject-specific registers, abstract terms, imagery and complex structures S L6.4 Learning-how-to-learn plan, reflect and use different sources to improve language.

24. NTCF ESL Levels – Secondary
Reading and Writing
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
Level 6
Reading
R L3.1 Communication read with understanding texts containing predictable structures and everyday language R L3.2 Socio-cultural understandings identify some SAE text purposes and features and differences in spoken and written SAE R L3.3 Language structures and features read with understanding, cueing into basic text organisation and features of written SAE R L3.4 Learning-how-to-learn use a range of strategies to work out meanings of some unfamiliar texts.
R L4.1 Communication read with understanding a range of literary, factual and electronic media texts and make some inferences in structured activities R L4.2 Socio-cultural understandings identify text purposes and compare their own cultural knowledge with text information R L4.3 Language structures and features follow some complex texts, imagery and the organisation of information, keywords and connecting ideas, with support R L4.4 Learning-how-to-learn use a range of strategies for working out meanings of words.
R L5.1 Communication read a range of literary, factual and electronic media texts and draw inferences, with support R L5.2 Socio-cultural understandings identify text purpose, how information is organised and presented in SAE texts, and some cultural perspectives R L5.3 Language structures and features interpret a range of complex texts cueing into key organisational and language features R L5.4 Learning-how-to-learn apply strategies to comprehend and learn at whole text, sentence and word levels.
R L6.1 Communication read various authentic, lengthy, factual and literary texts for interpretations beyond literal levels, with support R L6.2 Socio-cultural understandings relate SAE text format, structure and language choice to purpose and audience R L6.3 Language structures & features interpret complex language used in a range of accessible and more challenging texts R L6.4 Learning-how-to-learn monitor reading and select strategies suited to the text and task.
Writing
W L3.1 Communication write simple, creative and informational texts using familiar spoken and written language from modelled texts W L3.2 Socio-cultural understandings use some common SAE text types sometimes taking account of purpose and audience W L3.3 Language structures and features use some cohesive features and attempt independent writing and vocabulary choice with some errors in SAE structures and spelling W L3.4 Learning-how-to-learn plan, write and redraft texts with support.
W L4.1 Communication use a basic repertoire of text types (creative and informational) across the curriculum for a given audience W L4.2 Socio-cultural understandings write texts for particular purposes and audience W L4.3 Language structures and features show some accuracy in text features, organisation, cohesion, imagery and complex sentence structures W L4.4 Learning-how-to-learn plan, write, apply spelling, access vocabulary, edit and reflect on the process.
W L5.1 Communication write personal, imaginative and informational texts across the curriculum incorporating language and ideas from different sources, with support for the more complex texts W L5.2 Socio-cultural understandings adjust writing formats to intended context, audience and purpose with support W L5.3 Language structures and features write coherent texts with sufficient control of linguistic structure and features W L5.4 Learning-how-to-learn plan and edit their work to improve range and clarity of expression.
W L6.1 Communication write an extensive range of personal, imaginative and informational texts from across the curriculum W L6.2 Socio-cultural understandings adapt writing for audience and purpose W L6.3 Language structures & features write coherent texts demonstrating an expanded range of SAE structural features for linking ideas W L6.4 Learning-how-to-learn plan, review and redraft writing to enhance fluency, accuracy and appropriateness to purpose and audience.

25. 5 Steps for planning a ‘language informed’ unit of work
Note what you already know about you students’ language strengths and their language learning needs. (NTCF ESL Levels)
Identify the language that is central to the particular topic you plan to teach (Analysis)
Select the key language on which you will focus (include in your assessment rubric)
Design or choose activities/strategies to present and use the focus language
Evaluate your unit. (What did the learners learn?)
P. Gibbons, 2009, English learners Academic Literacy and Thinking, Heinemann, p.159.

26. UNESCO, 2007, Promoting literacy in multilingual settings, p.8

27. Where can I get more information?
NALDIC
2002Science.pdf
LUAC Materials
eracy/language_for_understanding_across_the_curriculum_luac
NSW
mic-english-support pdf
tion/clresources.php

28. Contacts
Colleen Combe Consultant TML Program PH: