1. The child’s Journey
Understanding how we respond to children across the UK Child Protection System

2. Responding to all children
The Health model referred to in your National framework was conceptualised in the UK as the Common Assessment Framework.
Under Munro the government will continue to focus on early intervention.
The vision is for transparent local arrangements that set out the prevalence of need in a given locality;
the range of professional help available to local children, young people and families,
through statutory, voluntary and community services, against the local profile of need;
mechanisms within such services for identifying those children and young people who need referral to children’s social care and in particular those who are suffering, or likely to suffer, significant harm;
the availability of social work expertise to professionals working with children, young
people and families, who are not being supported by children’s social care services;
the training available locally to support professionals working at the front line of universal services; and
local resourcing of the early help services for children, young people and families.
This will involve a strengthening of the Sure Start centres and the roles of health
visitors and social workers in supporting these teams.
REFERENCES:
Common Assessment Framework
Early Intervention – The Next Steps Graham Allen MP, at

3. Partners in Integrated working
Local Authorities
Third sector
Central government
Serving children and their families

4. Early intervention What is working? How do we know?
What are we trying to achieve?
Early Intervention: The Next Steps
An Independent Report to Her Majesty’s Government
Graham Allen MP , Jan 2011

5. Different models of service
Integrated Services
Multi-agency teams
Teams around the child
Hackney model of service
Families involved in service design and delivery – Swindon model
Health visitor role to be expanded in early intervention

6. STAY START STOP
At your tables think about what is working for the vulnerable people you serve?
What would you like to be able to start doing for the vulnerable people you serve?
What would you like to stop that is impacting negatively on the vulnerable people you serve?

7. Talking about Tommy

8. Tommy located and was found fit and well. ?
Mary
Lucy ? ?
Tommy
3 years
Amy
Initial Response Team
Police received information that he was being left alone for long periods of time and could be heard crying through the walls.
Police attended the home which was found to be in very poor home conditions.
Tommy located and was found fit and well.
The home was photographed by scenes of crime officers.
Evidence of some basic care, food in the fridge, clean washing drying in one of the rooms and cleaning fluids on kitchen top.
A notification was made to Social Care under the Children’s Act 1989 and to the Fire Brigade to check safety

9. Pictures of the home conditions.
What were the police seeing here that was concerning? What was reassuring them? What did the social worker see?

10. What the social worker saw
On surface appears as cluttered and chaotic living environment.
Dangerous areas which posed an immediate risk.
Dark, dingy and little room for Tommy to grow and develop in his environment.
The state of the home raised concern about the level of care that Lucy was able to give to Tommy.

11. The child coming into the system
At your table discussion Tommy’s situation. How could your organisation support Tommy?
What are the differences between the response in Australia and the response in the UK?

12. Problem
8 months
Lucy visited social care office– money for gas, electricity & food.
Month later
Lucy threw bottle at Tommy’s head but stated it was an accident.
3 months later
Lucy visited social care office again – money for gas, electricity & food.
Health Visitor concerns over Tommy’s development as delayed with toilet training and has hearing problems. Lucy reluctant to accept help for her son. Will soon be starting school.
Family Support Worker reported that house was cluttered. Tommy’s bedroom was sparse and Lucy not accepting support for her son.
4 months later
Lucy again requested financial assistance stating loans were taking all of her benefits. No food or nappies for Tommy.
5 months later
Family Support Worker contacted Duty Office on behalf of Lucy to request money as no food, gas or electricity.
6 months later
Lucy visited Social work Office for financial assistance – advised that her window’s had been smashed and had no money for gas, electricity or nappies.
Local Primary School advised that a parent had shared information that Tommy was being left alone and heard crying after a door had closed.
Intervention
Involved Children Centres, waiting for nursery place, money given, referral made for budgeting course.
Lucy took Tommy to hospital following incident and a few days later. Health Visitor addressed issue with her.
Money given for amenities and food parcel arranged.
Referral to Educational Psychology made by Health Visitor
Help provided to get rid of rubbish. Bed, curtains and wardrobe provided by Children’s Centre for Tommy’s room.
Support Worker advised she would complete a CAF Form and refer Lucy to MIND to see the debt solicitor to look at loans.
Money provided but put onto key cards.
Advice given around toileting and money provided for the rest.
Support Worker addressed the issue.
The UK response involved many agencies. Initially the issues were dealt with in a piece meal way by different agencies who responded to Lucy and Tommy’s issues as separate incidents.

13. Family and wider environment
Cluttered and neglectful home conditions, some organisation of items as Lucy knew where everything was. High risk of fire.
Lucy hated the home, spent all day out of it and was desperate to move however needed to improve home conditions before council would consider moving them.
Lack of trust and high paranoia – not letting people in and feeling everyone was out to get her.
Support Worker and Health Visitor had visited on a regular basis try to encourage home improvements. Would take way rubbish, however would provide more items increasing level of clutter in house.
Emotionally abusive and lack of patience with quick reaction towards Tommy.
The social worker was completing an in-depth assessment and was finding a number of underlying issues that were impacting on Lucy’s ability to care for Tommy

14. Lucy
Depended on by many other people and would spend all day either doing jobs for others or walking round the town to keep out of the home.
Constant phone activity during home visits by professionals which meant very limited attention to either Tommy or professionals.
Tommy has very poor speech. Still in nappies, drinking from bottle, displayed attention seeking behaviour and some anxious behaviours (rocking and spitting out juice when Lucy shouted at him).
Lucy shared that she trusted nobody. Tommy’s father had left her. They previously lived in the Army base in Germany where she had suffered domestic abuse and financial control from him. He would give her a small amount of money which she would use to buy for Tommy and often go without for herself. This left her feeling very vulnerable and she tended to hoard food.

15. Resiliencies
Lucy did allow for assessment to take place and told that changes must be made for Tommy.
Agreed for service support if help could be provided in getting her moved.
Lucy has mother and sister however contact is limited and Lucy helps out her mother who has chronic illness.
Tommy was in clean clothes and was tidy
Tommy attends his nursery
Lucy admitted that she was hoarding and could see it was a problem.

16. The system’s response to the risk of harm to Tommy
How are the risks perceived?
What are the different types of responses that could occur at this point?
What might be happening for Tommy?
What might be happening for Lucy?

17. Health Visitor involved since March 2010 on request from family.
Referral made to SALT, couldn’t speak and drinking from bottle.
Considered whether Tommy could respond to his mother's instructions.
No routines, boisterous behaviour and referred to nursery.
Still in nappies.
Health Visitor was asked about negative interaction between mother and son. She replied that she had not observed this but had seen Lucy being ‘sharp and shouting’ at Tommy.
Community Paediatrician completed a development check who advised of global development delay.
A referral was made to Education Psychology.
Lucy reported that her son was clumsy and has poor concentration.
Nursery stated that Tommy had good attendance, he enjoys nursery and plays with other children.
Tommy’s speech was starting to improve a small amount.
Nursery did not feel that his level of development was anything different to that of similar children from similar backgrounds and home circumstances.
Asking about the relationship, they remembered observing Lucy being ‘short with Tommy and shouting at him’.
Also witnessed Tommy flinching from adults in nursery.
At Christmas Lucy was observed to be rooting around the bins for food – thought that she had nothing so provided bags of toys, clothes, bedding and hamper or food.
Educational Psychology stated that they had been speaking with nursery and they felt there were no major concerns compared to any other child of his age in the nursery.
They did feel that there are no teachers in the nursery who would be looking at the next stage of development.
There is more than likely going to be major issues with transition into school as Tommy has had no experience other than nursery as yet.
It was suggested due to collated concerns from Initial Assessment and observations from family home, that a development assessment would be beneficial to see the baseline of Tommy’s needs. To be planned at a multi agency meeting.
Lucy did not want to move Tommy on from day nursery as she felt that she could not trust the school, which was again holding back his development. Reminded of her responsibilities and also necessity to improve things from him. School admission form completed.
Home conditions were of immediate and serious concern. Looking back at the picture noticed hoarding behaviours rather than neglectful. Food in the fridge, piles of toys for years to come, bedding etc. Fire Brigade to complete fire safety check and advise of level of risk from fire loading.
Finding an ‘in road’ with Lucy but also how to reduce the risk around Tommy. Plan for a short intense intervention to see if Lucy responded under the guide of Child in Need. If not look at the most appropriate support plan for Tommy as circle needed to be broken,
Addressed how her current way of living was impacting upon Tommy and that he was not growing up as he should be.
Due to paranoia and low self esteem of mum, focused on Tommy.
Solution Focused – asking mum what she wanted? Lucy wanted to be out of the house, but needed rubbish moving. Asked for a skip. Arranged and went out to help. Amazing how she threw things out and reported feeling better. Seeing something done.

18. Many universal services were trying to make improvements for Tommy and were able to pick up on concerns however not communicating together which left him in a state where he was not having the right intervention.
Address the home, address his development, address parenting.
Focus of intervention looking at Lucy’s attachment behaviours.
Case transferred to long term social work support with a plan to look at moving Tommy on and improving his home and welfare.

19. The UK Care System

20. Children in the care
one of the most vulnerable groups in society. The majority of children in care are there because they have suffered abuse or neglect.
At any one time around 60,000 children are looked after in England (of whom some 59 per cent are subject to care orders). Some 90,000 children are looked after at some point in any one year.
The Government wants every child in care to grow up safe, happy, healthy, secure and loved. This is the only way they will be able to fulfill their potential.

21. The term 'looked after children' includes:
Those children who are in care through a care order under section 31 of the Children Act 1989
Those accommodated on a voluntary basis through an agreement with their parents under section 20 of that Act, or agreement with of the child if they are over 16.
Children placed away from home under an emergency protection order
Children on police protection/remand/detention (section 21 of the Children Act)

22. How are they cared for?
Most looked after children are in foster care (73 per cent)
Some 10 per cent are in children's homes
The rest are cared for in a number of different settings including residential schools and placement with parents.

23. Placements as % of total Child Looked After population
4% placed for adoption (2,300)
11% placed in Family/friend foster carers
20% placed in IFP foster placements
42% placed with Local Authority foster carers
6.5% “Placement with Parents”
Accurate Jan 2011

24. Numbers of children adopted
Looked After Children placed for Adoption
since Adoption Act 2002 in force is on average 4% of the Looked After population
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
3,000
2,700
2,900
2,300

25. What do children say? (source: Dr R Morgan, Children’s Rights Director, reports 2006)
Don’t leave us too long where we’re being harmed
Speed up adoption/permanent placement: it takes too long
Give us more information and a say in what happens
If we can’t live with brothers/sisters, make sure we keep in touch
Moving us around before adoption makes it hard to believe anyone wants us
Don’t push us into adoption if we want to stay fostered
Best thing about adoption is joining a real family, feeling good about it and having a positive future
Worst thing about adoption is leaving our old family

26. A child who needs looking after
Different ways to meet children’s care needs:
Kinship care
Foster care
Adoption
Special Guardianship
Residential Care

27. Discussion
If Tommy had to be cared for outside of the home how could your organisation respond?
What factors would you take into account?
How could you respond to Lucy as a vulnerable adult?

28. A relational task
Creating visibility in the relationships rather than on the paper
Enabling workers to stay with children and families during the journey.

29. Building skills in the workforce
SWTF competencies framework
CWDC Common Core Competencies
Research In Practice to build evidence base
Supervision as critical to the on-going process
Chief Social worker
College of Social Work

30. Challenges in the UK Larger number of looked after children
Unaccompanied asylum seeking children
Changing role of education
Funding for all non statutory activities under threat in Local Authorities
Very tight economic climate creating more marginalised children and families.
Developing Local Performance Framework and Pay by outcome frameworks
Investing in workforce development

31. How the economic situation is impacting on the third sector
Key findings
Most participants (71 per cent) are experiencing cuts to their budgets in 2011/12
Of those organisations in receipt of local government funding 80 per cent are
experiencing cuts
Two thirds of organisations were still awaiting funding decisions from LAs for 2011/12,
many not knowing whether services would still be running on 1 April and with staff on
notice of redundancy
40 per cent of organisations anticipating staff cuts in the first 6 months of 2011, rising
to 66 per cent over the whole year
Over a third of organisations who receive funding from charitable trusts, individual
giving and corporates are anticipating an increase in funding from these sources
There are 14 instances of service closures reported
Children’s Centres, Sure Start services, youthwork, family support services and play
services are amongst the hardest hit

32. Services affected by current economic climate
A third of services such as Sure Start Children’s Centres and related services, play services, family intervention services, short breaks for disabled children and youth work services report a reduction in capacity.
Advocacy and leaving care services are also affected
Counting the Cuts: The impact of public sector spending cuts on children’s charities, March 2011

33. The most notable anticipated increase in capacity seems to be in relation to adoption and fostering services with 40 per cent of organisations who provide them reporting an expected rise.

34. Discussion
Name three themes that has come out of this mornings discussion that it would be useful to take further in either your own organisations/larger forums?
What has been left as a ‘burning issue’ you would have liked to explore further.