1. SUBSTATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM
BASIC CONCEPTS
BY : MANISH TIWARI
MANAGER (S/S), BINA

2. AUTOMATION SYSTEM QUICK PROCESSING LESS OPERATION LESS MANPOWER
ACCURATE
MORE MEMORY
COST REDUCTION
INTEGRATION OF FUNCTIONS

3. SUB-STATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM
A NEW STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCED IN VARIOUS NEWLY COMMISSIONED & UP COMING SUB-STATIONS OF POWERGRID.
THIS NEW TECHOLOGY FULLY EXPLORES THE USE OF STANDARD IEC61850 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF SUB-STATION . 3

4. WHAT IS SUB-STATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM ?
INTEGRATION OF MONITORING , PROTECTION AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS AT MINIMAL NUMBER OF PLATFORMS
1. AIMS AT REDUCTION OF OPERATING COST
2. REDUNDANT EQUIPMENT AND DATABASES

5. SUB-STATION AUTOMATION
WHY DO WE NEED
SUB-STATION AUTOMATION ? 5

6. SUB-STATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM---TECHNICAL ASPECTS
AVAILABILITY OF REAL TIME DATA AS INFORMATION
EASY MONITORING OF SYSTEM DATA
RECORDING OF DATA ON SET TIME FREQUENCY
AVAILBILITY OF PAST DATA & TRENDS FOR PLANNING AND FORECASTING
SYNCHROCHECK 6

7. SUB-STATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM
LOCAL AS WELL AS REMOTE CONTROL / MONITORING
SAFETY IN OPERATION DUE TO ADDITIONAL SOFTWARE INTERLOCKING
SELF MONITORING OF THE SYSTEM
DIRECT CONNECTION TO SWITCHGEAR WITHOUT INTERPOSING COMPONENTS 7

8. ECONOMIC ASPECTS REMOTE CONTROL OF SUB-STATIONS REGION
REMOTE CONTROLLED S/S WITH SS AUTOMATION
MASTER S/S
NR-II
FATEHABAD
LUDHIANA
HISAR
JALANDHAR
NR-I
BAREILY
DELHI
LUCKNOW
BALLABHGARH
ER-I
PATNA
BIHARSHARIF
SR-I
WARANGAL
VIZAG(HVDC)
SR-II
TIRUNELVELI
UDMULPET
WR-I
RAIGARH, BHATAPARA
WARDHA
RAIPUR
SEONI
WR-II
RAJGARH
KHANDWA
PUNE, NEW PERLI
BOISAR

9. ECONOMIC ASPECTS REDUCTION IN INVESTMENT COST BY
1. SMALL CONTROL ROOM BUILDING
2. REDUCTION OF COPPER CABLE
3. REDUCED SIZE OF CABLE TRENCHES
4. BETTER USE OF UNUTILISED SPACE OF SWITCHYARD BY PLACING BAY KIOSK.

10. SUB-STATION MONITORING AND CONTROL
LOCAL CONTROL THROUGH LOCAL HMI
REMOTE CONTROL THROUGH REMOTE HMI
BAY LEVEL CONTROL IN SWITCH YARD THROUGH BAY CONTROLLER
EMERGENCY CONTROL 10

11. USE OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL IEDs
A SINGLE IED CAN BE USED FOR MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS LIKE DISTANCE RELAY CAN ALSO BE USED FOR
OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE PROTECTION
AUTORECLOSURE FUNCTION
E/F PROTECTION
SOTF PROTECTION
STUB PROTECTION ETC.

12. SAS-FEATURES Based on decentralized architecture
Functions located as close to the process
Architecture shall be structured in two level – Substation and Bay level
Main process information of the station shall be stored in distributed data base

13. SAS- FEATURES Located as close as possible to the bay equipments
Located in kiosks with Air Conditioning
IEDs shall provide all bay level functions regarding Control and Monitoring
Each bay control IED shall be independent from each other
Input to Bay IED is Electrical and output is optical

14. CONTROL HIERARCHY BAY CONTROLLER IN SWITCHYARD
LOCAL HMI IN CONTROL ROOM
REMOTE CONTROL CENTRE

15. COMMUNICATION
Data exchange between bay and station level by Fiber-optic communication infrastructure
Communication shall be made on 1+1 mode with failure alarm
Data exchange by IEC protocol with redundant switched Ethernet communication infrastructure
Two ports each for RCC and RSCC

16. TIME SYNCHRONISING
A GPS time synchronizing for synchronizing the entire system shall be provided

17. TYPICAL ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING OF SUBSTATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Switch for Dia 1
Switch for Dia. 2
Switch for Dia. 3
Switch for Dia. N
IEC 61850
Station HMI
HMI View Node
DR Work Station
Redundant Managed Ethernet Station Bus
Gateway
GPS Clock
Router
IEDs for Control & protection

18. USE OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL IEDs
BAY CONTROL UNIT WHICH IS BEING USED FOR ANALOG AND DIGITAL DATA ACQUISITION AND BAY EQUIPMENT CONTROL FUNCTIONS FROM IED ITSELF AS WELL AS FROM CONTROL ROOM FOR ONE BAY, HAS CAPABILITY OF CONRTOLLING & MONITORING MAXIMUM 6 BAYS ALONG WITH AUTO VOLTAGE CHECK SYNCHRONISING FUNCTIONS USED FOR CHARGING OF LINES.

19. BAY CONTROL FUNCTIONS Software interlocking Synchro-check
Transformer tap selection
Operation counters for CBs/ Pumps
Alarm functions
Measurement functions
Local HMI
Interface to Station HMI
Data storage for at least 200 events

20. STATION HMI Single Line Diagram
Control Dialogue with interlocking and blocking details
Measurement dialogues
Alarm List
Event List
System status
Select before execute procedure for security
Hot standby

21. USER AUTHORITY
Access rights can be defined for different users such as
Display only
Normal Operation (Open/ Close)
Restricted operation (Bypassed interlocking)
System administrator

22. MAINTENANCE AUTHORITY
For maintenance and modification of station HMI
No engineering allowed
Engineering/ Configuration allowed
Entire system management allowed
Access rights shall be defined by passwords during logging-in

23. OPERATIONAL ASPECTS
LESS HARDWIRING RESULTS IN INCREASED RELIABILITY OF THE SYSTEM AND LESSER FAULT DETECTION TIME AT SECONDARY SIDE.
SOFTWARE ENABLES QUICK APPROACH TO PROCESS THE DATA FOR UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSE OF DISTURBANCE, FOR FAST CORRECTIVE ACTIONS.
“ASK BEFORE EXECUTE” FUNCTIONS RESULTS IN LESS PROPBABILITY OF SWICTHING ERROR BY OPERATOR.

24. OPERATIONAL ASPECTS FACILITY OF AUTOMATIC REPORT GENERATION
MONITORING OF AUXILIARY SERVICES
GRAPHICAL SIGNAL MATRIX TOOLS ALLOWS US TO EFFICIENTLY CONNECT CTs, VTs AND BINARY I/O SIGNALS WITHOUT CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION OF IEDs.
SOFTWARE INTERLOCKING IN ADDITION TO HARDWARE INTERLOCKING AVOIDS DANGOUROUS OR DAMAGING SWITCHGEAR OPERATIONS TO ENSURE PERSONNEL SAFETY.

25. IEC 61850 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
A STANDARD PROTOCOL WHICH SUPPROTS INTEROPERABILITY OF IEDs FROM DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS.
INTEROPERABILITY IS THE ABILITY TO OPERATE ON THE SAME NETWORK OR COMMUNICATION PATH SHARING INFORMATION AND COMMANDS.

26. MAIN ADVANTAGES OF IEC61850 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
EXCHANGING INFORMATION AND CO-OPERATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT IEDs OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS.
ENABLES COMMUNICATION BETWEEN IEDs AND HMI FOR CONTROL AND MONITORING OF SUB-STATION.
PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY TO ADOPT SUB-STATION ARCHTECTURE IN RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT BASED ON AVAILABILITY AND BUDGET.
PROVIDES ADAPTABILITY WITH FUTURE INNOVATIONS WITHIN SUB-STATION AUTOMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY.

27. CONCLUSION
POWERGRID HAS TAKEN A STEP TOWARDS ADOPTING NEW TECHNOLOGY REQUIRED TO MEET TOUGH CHALLENGES AGAINST THE VIDE EXPANSION OF TRANSMISSION NETWORK.
IT WILL ALSO MAKE POSSIBLE TO SUPERVISE THE ENTIRE SYSTEM IN A BETTER WAY WITH THE ULTIMATE GOAL TO MINIMISE THE ENERGY NOT SUPPLIED AND AT IMPROVED RATE OF AVAILABILITY.

28. THANK YOU ALL