1. Challenges in Produced Water Treatment and Measurement Emerging Trends Te
David B. Burnett, Frank Platt, Carl Vavra
Department of Petroleum Engineering GPRI
Texas A&M University
September 2013
This is a presentation made on May 12, 2013 by David Burnett.
GPRI

2. Technology Developments
U.S. Lower 48
In 2000 shale gas provided only 1% of U.S. natural gas production; by 2010 it was over 20% and the U.S. government's Energy Information Administrationpredicts that by % of the United States' natural gas supply will come from shale gas.[2]
Technology Developments

3. Growth of Natural Gas Resources, InternationalEU
Technology Developments

4. Challenge
Community Acceptance

6. Texas A&M University GPRI Team’s Successes contd.
2010 EFD A&M Marcellus Shale Pre-Treatment Field Demos
2010 EFD EU Program Started
2011 Frac Flowback Brine Analytical Technology Roundtable
2012 EFD Technology Integration Program Funded
2013 EFD Advanced Analytical Project Initiated

7. Texas A&M Involvement with Key Environmental Programs
A&M IRNR
GSI Environmental Advanced Analytics
Environmentally Friendly Drilling Program
Sustainability Research Network
Field Access - Trials

8. Challenges Facing Produced Water Management
Varying Water Compositions
Lack of Infrastructure
Public/policy Demands (environmental & perception Issues)
Water Transport/storage
Variation in Use of Product Water
Disposal

9. 24

11. Getting Good Ideas Adopted
Challenge
Getting Good Ideas Adopted
EFD
EFD-TIP
The most difficult time for a business is surviving the Valley of Death. The Valley of Death is the funding gap between promising research and the transition to the marketplace. Below are the typical stages of funding and potential funding sources a business can consider to successfully navigate its way through the commercialization process.
Proof of Concept is usually the first round of capital that a business attempts to secure. The funds are used to provide evidence that a product, technology or service is viable and capable of solving a particular problem.
Potential Funding SourcesPersonal resources – including personal funds, credit cards, money from family and friends, and home equity loans.
SBIR/STTR Grants – using grants from federal agencies to finance research: Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer Research (SBIR/STTR). Participate in our SBIR/STTR Online Fundamental Training to better understand how to write a competitive proposal and use the programs successfully. View the list of federal SBIR/STTR funding agencies.
Seed are beginning rounds invested in companies at very early stages of development.
SBIR/STTR Grants – using grants from federal agencies to finance research: Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer Research (SBIR/STTR). articipate in our SBIR/STTR Online Fundamental Training to better understand how to write a competitive proposal and use the programs successfully. View the list of federal SBIR/STTR funding agencies.
Angel Investors - Search our online directory of Angel's and other potential sources for funding.
Startup when a business is in the development stage and typically has a prototype in place.
Bootstrap – is starting and growing a business through current revenues.
Equity Barter – trading equity in the company in exchange for services, product development, supplier, good, and management assistance prior to getting funded.
Suppliers– negotiating terms or signing promissory notes in lieu of cash payments.
Leasing – acquiring equipment through leasing versus using a bank loan.

12. EFD Field Trials

13. Texas A&M Marcellus Shale Brine Re-Use
New York Chenango Co. 2012
Texas A&M Marcellus Shale Brine Re-Use
Courtesy Williams Bros. Company
Deliverables
Identify optimal treatment techniques for ultra-high brine concentrations
Provide information to community leaders
At present I’m funded to try and handle high salinity Marcellus Shale brine - this is at a New York site handling 140,000 TDS brine.
This site is providing me with “sea trials” of the proccesing equipment and analytical techniques developed for ultra-high TDS brines and frac flow back waters.
Status
Current field trials in New York
A&M Separation Sciences pilot testing new technology
Creation of new Analytical Services Roundtable
New York Field Trial of Ultra-High Salinity Brine Pre-treatment: Texas A&M Environmentally Friendly Drilling Technology for the Marcellus Shale –SPE

14. A&M Lab in the Eagle Ford

15. Why Do We Field Trial Brine Treatment before Re-Use?
Treated and Untreated Frac Pond Brine
Field Frac Brine after Three Weeks
Treated
Un-Treated
Eagle Ford Field Frac Brine

17. Process Train Schematic
Raw Water Source
/Wire Screen + 25 U Cartridge
Media Filtration
Micro Filter
Nano Filter
Reverse Osmosis
Oil & Grease removal
BETX Removal
TSS removal
Hardness Removal
Desalination
pH, Temp., Conductivity, turbidity, toc
Toc, Turbidity, BETX, Conductivity
pH, toc Conductivity
pH, conductivity, toc *
This process train is designed to sequentially separate and remove contaminants from the raw water source

18. Table 1 Target Values of Treatment
Characteristic/Item Reduction or Target Value
Hydrocarbon Reduction 80% reduction
Turbidity NTU or less
Total iron % reduction
Hardness Ca % reduction
Barium % reduction
Sulfate B/A % reduction

19. Analytical Laboratory at A&M
SPE PP
New York Field Trial of Ultra-High Salinity Brine Pre-treatment: Texas A&M
Environmentally Friendly Drilling Technology for the Marcellus Shale
Analytical Laboratory at A&M
Water & Wastewater Training Lab
TEEX, a leader in hands-on training, now delivers the latest water & wastewater analytical testing and laboratory training to any location, using a unique, self-contained mobile training lab. Your laboratory and operational staff will get personalized, hands-on training in all techniques and procedures they need to know to assure the quality of potable water and to meet the regulatory requirements for wastewater treatment and effluents.
The 41-foot, self-contained mobile laboratory can accommodate up to 12 students in a class. The fully equipped lab includes up-to-date analytical instruments and apparatus such as: spectrophotometers, pH meters, ion selective analyzers, a Total Organic Carbon analyzer, advanced digital microscopes, and computers and lab data software.
Your staff will actually perform routine and advanced laboratory analyses, not just listen to lectures or watch others. The mobile laboratory can be set up at any location and is designed with your safety as a priority. Save money and reduce employee travel and lodging costs by scheduling a class at your location.
Courses:
WWW011- Intermediate Water Laboratory (32 hours)
WWW113- Intermediate Wastewater Laboratory (32 h

20. Low Pressure Media Filtration
The unit on the left is a media filter that removes oil from the input waste stream.

21. High Pressure Membranes and On-Line Sensors
A modular “wall of Membranes” allows different components to be used in series or in stand alone applications.

22. Power Costs of Produced Water Treatment
Utica Formation (Herkimer Sand)
180,000 tds
NY Trial, 2011

23. Looking Ahead - Advanced Analytics
Emerging Trend
Looking Ahead - Advanced Analytics
Air Emissions from Produced Water
Open Impoundments
Frac flowback Water Sampling
Stray Methane Gas Sampling

24. On Site Analytical Measurement.
Emerging Trend
On Site Analytical Measurement.
Opposite the membrane wall is the counter for the analytical equipment.

25. http://www. advancedsensors. co

26. Advanced Sensors Inc.

27. Analytes: Non Purgeable Organics

28. Emerging Trend

29. New York Field Trial Description TOC Raw Water 90 After Media 73
Emerging Trend
New York Field Trial
Description TOC
Raw Water
After Media
After Micro
After Nano

30. Ultra-Filter Results Before >5700E cfu per ml After 1E cfu per ml
Emerging Trend
Ultra-Filter Results
Before >5700E cfu per ml
After 1E cfu per ml

31. The Environmentally Friendly Drilling Systems Program
Emerging Trend
Awarded October 5, 2009
The Environmentally Friendly Drilling Systems Program
Demonstrating innovative technologies that reduce environmental footprints
EFD got its start in 2005 – today it represents over 100 sponsors and affiliates with a budget of over $15 million.

32. The EFD Team
Co-funded by RPSEA, U.S. Fish & Wildlife, Industry, Environmental Organizations
ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
COLLABORATORS
SPONSORS
ALLIANCE MEMBERS
MANAGEMENT TEAM
Three managers handle the management of the program. David Burnett, Director of Technology for the Global Petroleum Research Institute is a member of the faculty of the petroleum engineering department at Texas A&M University
Rich Haut, Senior Research Scientist, Houston Advanced Research Institute,  serves as P.I. for the Environmentally Friendly Drilling Program ( in partnership with Texas A&M University, Sam Houston State University, Argonne National Laboratory, other universities, industry and environmental organizations.
Tom Williams, Managing Director at Nautilus International LLC is the former Vice President, Research and Business Development of Noble Technology Services, currently serves on the Board of Directors of the Far East Energy Company. the Research Partnership to Restore Energy for America (RPSEA), Independent Petroleum Association of America, the Petroleum Technology Transfer Council, the Society of Petroleum Engineers, American Association of Drilling Engineers, Deep Star Consortium Contributors Advisory Board, Nautilus International, Petris Technologies and the Environmentally Friendly Drilling Consortium.

33. Links to More Information
Thank you
Links to More Information
Videos and Panorama Shots
Water Treatment Video Link