1. CS431 Introduction to Operating Systems
Modern Operating Systems
By Andrew Tanenbaum
The Linux Programming Interface
By Kerrisk

2. CS431 Introduction to Operating Systems
CS431 WS99
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CS431 Introduction to Operating Systems
Course Objectives
To study and apply concepts relating to operating systems, such as concurrency and control of asynchronous processes, deadlocks, memory management, processor and disk scheduling, parallel processing, and file system organization
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Course Intro

3. Course Outcomes Demonstrate an understanding of:
the differences between processes and threads.
the different process or thread synchronization methods and the tradeoffs between them.
the different memory management techniques used in Operating Systems.
the different I/O management techniques used in Operating Systems.
the tradeoffs in design and implementation concepts used in the development of Operating Systems
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4. Course Syllabus Course Meeting Time
CS431 WS99
4/1/2017
4/1/2017
Course Meeting Time
Tuesday and Thursday 2:00 to 3:15 pm
Location Bloch 014
Instructor: Bob Cotter
Web page:
Office Hours:
Tuesday and Thursday 4:00 to 5:00 pm
Location FH450P or by appointment
Prerequisites: CS291, CS352
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Course Intro
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5. Course Syllabus Text Book Modern Operating Systems – 3rd Edition
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4/1/2017
Text Book
Modern Operating Systems – 3rd Edition
Andrew Tanenbaum, Prentice Hall, 2008
The Linux Programming Interface
A Linux and UNIX System Programming Handbook
Kerrisk - No Starch Press, 2010
Running Linux – 5th Edition
Dalheimer & Welsh, O’Reilly Published 2006
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Course Intro
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6. Course Syllabus Grade Scale: Grading Policy: 100 - 93 A Homework 35%
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Grade Scale: A
93 – 90 A-
89 – 87 B+ B
82 – 80 B-
79 – 77 C+ C
72 – 70 C-
69 – 67 D+ D
62 – 60 D- F
Grading Policy:
Homework 35%
Midterm #1 20%
Midterm #2 20%
Final Exam 25%
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Course Intro

7. Course Schedule (tentative)
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Introduction - Ch 1
1 week
Linux Intro – Ch 10
Processes - Ch 2
Scheduling - Ch 2, 10
Process Sync - Ch 2, 10
1-2 weeks
Deadlocks - Ch 6
Memory Mgmt - Ch 3
Virtual Memory - Ch 3
½ week
File System – Ch 4
1 week
I/O Systems - Ch 5
Multi-Processor Sys – Ch 8
Security - Ch 9
Linux Review – Ch 10
Exams (2)
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8. What is an Operating System?
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A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware
Goals:
Execute programs
Make the Computer System Convenient
Use the system efficiently
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9. What Is An Operating System
A modern computer consists of:
One or more processors
Main memory
Disks
Printers
Various input/output devices
Managing all these components requires a layer of software – the operating system
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Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved

10. Abstract View of System Components
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User 1
User 2
User 3
User n
task 1
task 2
task 3
task n
System and Applications Programs
Operating System
Computer Hardware
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11. Definitions of Operating System
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Resource Manager
Allow multiple programs to run
Manage and protect memory, I/O, etc.
Control Program
Kernel
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12. History of Operating Systems
Generations:
(1945–55) Vacuum Tubes
(1955–65) Transistors and Batch Systems
(1965–1980) ICs and Multiprogramming
(1980–Present) Personal Computers
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Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved

13. Simple Batch Systems First form of “shared” computing
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First form of “shared” computing
Few, large machines
Specialized operator
Secure
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14. Batch System Process User != operator Programs submitted on cards
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User != operator
Programs submitted on cards
Similar jobs “batched”
Automatic job sequencing
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15. Batch Job Sequence Requirements
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(Problem - no overlap in I/O & CPU)
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16. Off-Line Operation Advantages: CPU not bound by card reader
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Advantages: CPU not bound by card reader
Could use multiple card readers, line printers
Card Reader
Satellite
processor
Printer
Main
Computer
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Course Intro

17. Spooling Use disk to store input and output
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Use disk to store input and output
Simultaneous Peripheral Operation on-line
Significantly improves efficiency
Creates a job pool (I/O vs CPU)
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18. Spooling Introduces Job Scheduling
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Introduces Job Scheduling
Objective is to further improve efficiency
CPU
Reader
Printer
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19. Multiprogramming Batched Systems
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Operating
System
Job 1
Job 2
Job 3
Job 4
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20. Multiprogramming Requirements
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I/O routine managed by system
Memory Management
CPU Scheduling
Allocation of peripheral devices
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21. Time-sharing Systems Next logical extension
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Next logical extension
User jobs managed by Job Scheduler
User connected as a system peripheral device
User gets access to file system for data and code
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22. Personal Computer Systems
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Extends processing to the user
Dedicated computer systems
Complete set of I/O devices
Improves convenience & responsiveness
Security???
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23. PC Components
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24. Parallel Systems Multi-processor systems CPUs share resources
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Multi-processor systems
CPUs share resources
Increases throughput (more CPU power vs. I/O)
Improves Reliability…
Symmetric vs. Asymmetric multiprocessing
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25. Distributed Systems Communication between multiple processors
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Communication between multiple processors
Processors are loosely coupled
Advantages
Resource Sharing
Computation Speedup (load sharing)
Reliability
Communication
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26. Real-Time Systems Used to manage dedicated applications
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Used to manage dedicated applications
Process Controls
Telecommunications
Operating constraints well defined & fixed
Hard vs. Soft real-time systems
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Course Intro

27. The Operating System Zoo
Mainframe operating systems
Server operating systems
Multiprocessor operating systems
Personal computer operating systems
Handheld operating systems
Embedded operating systems
Sensor node operating systems
Real-time operating systems
Smart card operating systems
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28. Summary Operating Systems evolved to:
Make computers easier to use
Improve the utilization of computing resources
Design and function of OS has evolved as the cost of resources goes down
OS is generally the most complex “program” running in a computing system.
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29. Questions What is spooling? What problem was it designed to address?
What are examples of computing systems that don’t need all of the components shown on slide 23? What are other common major elements that aren’t shown on this slide?
What is the major difference between a hard real-time system and a soft real-time system? What is an example of each?
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