1. The Future of Sport Tourism Managing and Developing the Sport Tourism Profession
Tom Robinson
Senior Lecturer
Hanze University Groningen

2. THE EMERGENCE OF SPORT TOURISM
One of the fastest growing sectors of the global travel and tourism industry.
Value in 2003 as high as $51billion, equivalent to 10 per cent of the global tourism market.
By 2011, travel and tourism is expected to be more than 10 per cent of global GDP
The economies of cities, regions and even countries around the world are increasingly reliant on the visiting golfer and skier or the traveling football, rugby or cricket supporter.
Source Nov Sport Business report (900 Euro) sportbusiness.com

3. Future of Sport Tourism

4.
Sports-related travel is a $182 billion industry, generating over 47 million hotel room nights annually.
Sports related corporate incentive travel
Team and sports event participation travel
Family and sports spectator travel
Adventure and sports fantasy travel

5. Sport Tourism
Sport is regarded as the world’s largest social phenomenon
Tourism is the world’s biggest industry
Is SPORT TOURISM greater than the sum of its parts?

6. Areas to address: Academic scientific research and scholarship
Education: curriculum / specialist courses. Body of knowledge ?
Training
Professional organisations
Policy strategy
Trends in Tourism and Sport
Technology

7. Conceptualisation of Sport Tourism
What is Sport Tourism
3- dimensional concept involving sport and tourism? (Delpy, L.1998 )
Travel to play sport
Travel to watch sport
Travel to sport attractions
…..but what about….
Vacations where sport is secondary motivation

8. SPORT TOURISM. Hard definition. Soft definition
SPORT TOURISM Hard definition Soft definition passive or active participation at a Primarily active recreational competitive sporting event participation in sport
National / International events “Fun Runs”
Rotterdam Marathon Hiking / walking
Olympic Games Skiing / Skating
Soccer matches Cycling tours
Wimbledon Canoeing
International cricket Disney World of Sports / Fantasy Camps
TOURISM SPORT
Soft definition Hard definition
Visitors who engage in some minor Tourists who as a secondary form of sport or leisure; their reinforcement passively or
participation is purely incidental actively participate in sport Mini-golf Landal Green Parks
Bowls Centre Parcs
Swimming Halls of fame
Tennis court hire Sports Cruises
Rowing / Punting Sport museums
Pool / snooker Stadia Tours
Diagram 1: A consumer classification of sport and tourism (Robinson & Gammon 1997)

9. Sport or Sports Tourism?
Parks et al point out when discussing the differences in Sport and Sports management:
“Sports implies a collection of separate activities such as golf, soccer, hockey, volleyball, softball, and gymnastics - items in a series that can be counted. Sport, however, is a collective noun that includes all activities that meet the criteria, not just a few that may be placed on a list” (Parks et al, 1990:6).
Therefore Sports Tourism focuses upon competitive sporting travel, whereas the term Sport Tourism is a far broader concept which embraces sport as being both recreational as well as competitive; both institutionalised and transitory (Gammon and Robinson 1999)

10. Academic perspective Journals ESMQ, Sport in Society
Journal of Vacation Marketing
Journal of Sport Tourism
Serving the trade and academic community
1995 →2003 electronic, hard copy
Journal of Sport and Tourism
Renamed and repositioned - academic

11. Academic perspective Body of knowledge Educational programmes
Training courses
Sport Tourism International Council

12. THE TEN IMPORTANT WORLD TOURISM ISSUES FOR 2008
Safety and Security in Tourism
Best Practices for Managing Sustainable Tourism
New Developments in e-commerce tools in Tourism
Tourism Policy and Planning
Tourism Education and Training
Effect of Climate Change on Tourism
Influence of the World’s Economy on Tourism
Marketing Quality Tourism Products and Experiences
Partnerships and Strategic Alliances in Tourism
Impact of Natural Disasters and Health Concerns on Tourism
Source: Edgell, D. 2008

13. Future Trends
The increasing development of individual sports as opposed to collective sport
Diversification of sport participation models
Exaggerated segmentation of sport disciplines
Adaptation of sports activities to the constraints of urban life
Development of a mythology of adventure in a natural environment
Political trends
Globalisation
Socio-demographic trends
Hinch and Higham 2004

14. New motivations for tourists
According to World Tourism Organization (WTO), two significant travel trends will dominate the tourism market in the next decade :
Mass marketing is giving way to one-to-one marketing with travel being tailored to the interests of the individual consumer.
A growing number of visitors are becoming special interest travellers who rank SPORT as one of the top 10 reasons for travelling.

18. Sydney, 23 September 2000. View of the start of the women's mountain biking event

19. Changes in TOURIST interests
OLD TOURISTS
Lie in the sun
Get sunburnt
Like attractions
No special interests
Eat in hotel dining room
NEW TOURISTS
Get up and get active
Keep clothes on
Try out local food and drinks
Like sports
Special interests
Poon 1993

20. Old Tourists
Sun
Sand
Sea

21. New Tourists
Small scale
Segmentation
Satisfaction
Sensitive

22. Future Tourists
Emotion
Education
Entertainment
Experience

23. What is an Experience?
“An experience occurs when a company intentionally uses services as the stage, and goods as props, to engage individual customers in a way that creates a memorable event”
Pine and Gilmore (1998)

24. Increasing sport event calendar
1970 – 55
2004 – 35,000
Bigger and more of them

25. Active sport tourism market

26. Sport tourism Attractions
Olympic Museum
Lausanne, Switzerland
Hall of Fame
Cooperstown, N.Y.

27. Sport as a secondary motivation Kerst en Oud & Nieuw bij Landal Nordic Walking arrangement GVB (Golf) arrangement
Landal Green Parks

29. Assen Circuit new Attractions
a hotel with conference facilities
a retail business building
a motor café with adjacent bowling centre
a fun factory / game hall
a flight simulator
a go-cart centre with an adjacent sports car assembly facility
a motorcycle experience centre, including a motorcycle museum
a fitness aqua wellness and spa centre
facilities that support the racetrack

31. Wimbledon Museum
The state of the art museum features exhibits and artefacts never seen before, as well as audio guides in eight different languages.

32. McEnroe's Ghost
a scene from Wimbledon's past. In a recreation of the 1980s Gentlemen's Dressing Room, a ghost-like image of John McEnroe appears and takes you through a tour of the normally off-limits area

33. Virtual Sport Tourism

34. Emerging markets CHINA Table tennis Football Badminton Gymnastics
Diving

35. Summary Remarkable increase in opportunities in sport tourism
People focused profession
Specific knowledge and skills needed
Education and training programs are relatively rare
More research needed - profiling
Sector needs professionalism - linked to quality of experience
Recognition needed from academia / industry
Body of knowledge needs to be developed
Need to develop links between academic institutions and industry to meet present and future targets for trained professionals in sport and tourism.
The development of new courses to meet the needs of the specialist sport tourist and develop a framework for the industry.

36. The next Olympic Sport? 

37. Space Sport Tourism 30 million US dollars Russian Space Agency
When will space sport tourism activity take place?
2020? 2050? 2100?

38. 6th February 1971: Man plays golf on the Moon
Alan Shepard hit two balls just before lift-off, and drove them, as he put it, "miles and miles and miles".