1. Motion
A change in position relative to some reference point during a period of time.

2. Speed Rate at which an object moves Speed = distance/time
Units: m/sec, km/hr, mi/hr. d
s t

3. Types of Speed Instantaneous Speed – speed at a given instant.
Average Speed = ∆ distance/ ∆ time. Describes speed of motion when speed is changing.
Constant Speed – speed that doesn’t change.

4. Speed Problems
What is the speed of a cyclist who travels 50 meters in 25 seconds?
S = d/t
50 m/25 s
2 m/s
You are in a car traveling an average speed of 60 km/hr. The total trip is 240 km. How long does the trip take?
t = d/s
240 km/60 km/hr
4 hrs.

5. Distance -Time Graphs Time (sec) Time (sec) Time (sec) Time (sec)
Distance (m)
Distance (m)
Time (sec)
Time (sec)
Distance (m)
Distance (m)
Time (sec)
Time (sec)

6. Velocity Speed in a given direction.
Uses: Navigation (airplanes, ships), weather, etc.
Vector quantity – represented graphically by arrows ( ).
Length = magnitude
Arrowhead =
direction

7. Velocity Problem
If you row a boat upstream at 10 km/hr and the river has a downstream velocity of 5 km/hr, you are actually moving at what velocity? =
5 km/hr downstream
10 km/hr upstream
5 km/hr upstream

8. Acceleration Rate of change in velocity.
Really a description of “how fast you can go in a certain amount of time”.
Good acceleration is being “quick to change”.

9. Acceleration
Examples: speeding up (+ acc.), slowing down (- acc.), or changing direction.
Acc. = final velocity – original velocity/time.
Units: m/sec/sec
Represented by a Velocity – Time Graph

10. Velocity vs. Time Graphs
Time (sec)
Velocity (m/s)
Time (sec)
Velocity (m/s)
Time (sec)
Velocity (m/s)
Time (sec)
Velocity (m/s)

11. Acceleration Problem
A car increases its speed from 60 km/hr to 80 km/hr in 4 seconds. What is the car’s acceleration?
Acc = Δ velocity
time
80 km/hr – 60 km/hr
4 sec.
5 km/hr/sec.
1st second – 65 km/hr
2nd second – 70 km/hr
3rd second – 75 km/hr
4th second – 80 km/hr

12. Rates of Motion Table Rates Definition Equation Unit Graph Speed
Velocity
Acceleration

13. Gravitational Acceleration
Acceleration on an object caused by gravity.

14. Falling Objects
Free fall – considers only gravity & neglects air resistance.
All falling objects accelerate at the same rate, regardless of their masses.
- 9.8 m/sec/sec or 32 ft./sec/sec. on earth.
- velocity increases 9.8 m/s each second.
- distance fallen – increases mathematically

15. Uniform Motion Equations
Instantaneous speed vf = vi + at
Distance fallen d = vit + ½at2
Average speed v = vi + vf 2

16. Objects Thrown Straight Up

17. Graphing Free Fall
Distance (m)
velocity (m)
Time (sec)
Time (sec)

18. Air Resistance on Falling Objects
Air resistance noticeably alters the motion of things like falling feathers or pieces of paper.
Less noticeably on more compact objects.
e.g. stones, balls