1. 3/31/2017 6:03 PM ©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

2. SOAP, REST, POX, RSS – The What's What of Services
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
SOAP, REST, POX, RSS – The What's What of Services
Aaron Skonnard
Co-Founder, Pluralsight
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

3. Outline Story of My First Service The Origins of XML
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Outline
Story of My First Service
The Origins of XML
The Origins of Services
SOAP vs. REST
Trade-offs & Guidance
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4. Story of My First Service
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Story of My First Service
Partner Systems
Our Application
ASCEND 97
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

5. 1997 Implementation Partner Systems Our Application
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
1997 Implementation
Message parsing became the most difficult aspect
[Distributor]
Name=Dave Jones
ID=
...
Name=Sara Jones
ID=
Sponsor=
Text-based data format,
easier than binary
Partner Systems
Our Application
HTTP
Specs
Specs
ASCEND 97
Specs
Specifications defined
message types
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

6. Architecture Fundamentals
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Architecture Fundamentals
Message-based architecture
Communication transport
Data format
Standard message types
Defined in a specification
Extensibility
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

7. 3/31/2017 6:03 PM
1998: A Big Turning Point
XML, an innocuous new technology, hit the scenes in 1998
Offered a "standard" data format
Based on a simplification of SGML
Quickly noticed and embraced
Promised to simplify scenarios like mine
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

8. The Origins of XML Today XML ubiquitous throughout the industry 1998
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
The Origins of XML
Today
XML ubiquitous throughout the industry
1998
XML approved as W3C Recommendation
1996
XML proposed to W3C as a simplification of SGML, led by Jon Bosak (Sun)
1994
TBL forms the W3C with MIT and CERN
1993
CERN declares WWW free-to-all, NCSA releases Mosaic browser
1989
Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML at CERN, calls it the World Wide Web
1986
SGML approved as ISO standard (ISO 8879)
1980
First ANSI Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) draft released
1969
Goldfarb, Mosher, and Rice invented GML (IBM)
1967
Tunnicliffe and Rice introduce the concept of generic markup
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

9. What Made XML Successful?
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
What Made XML Successful?
The format wasn't better, so what gives?
The success of HTML made it familiar
Not very many people involved
They produced a simple specification
Didn't require huge investments
Simplicity allowed anyone to get involved
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

10. Simple XML Foundation XML Key XML technologies quickly developed
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Simple XML Foundation
Key XML technologies quickly developed
Laid solid foundation for apps to build on
Simplified numerous business scenarios
XPath
XSLT
APIs
XML
Namespaces
Infoset
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

11. Angle Bracket Factions
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Angle Bracket Factions
Once XML was commonplace, the factions became apparent
XML
Document-Centric
Focused on document-based systems, electronic publishing, etc.
Data-Centric
Focused on data structures, services, distributed application scenarios, etc.
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

12. On Defining Standards The Web has shown ubiquity is king
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
On Defining Standards
The Web has shown ubiquity is king
Defining standards is tricky business
Requires collaboration and consensus
Forces everyone to compromise
The more people, the harder it becomes
Usually takes a long time
"Only a committee can make a decision that's dumber than any of its members."
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

13. The Origins of Services
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
The Origins of Services
Today
SOAP 1.1 / 1.2 ubiquitous throughout the industry
2/2005
POX enters the lexicon
10/2003
Tenets of Service Orientation introduced at PDC
6/2003
SOAP 1.2 released as W3C recommendation
3/2001
WSDL 1.1 released as W3C Note
2/2001
ebXML integrates SOAP into Messaging Services Specification
5/2000
SOAP submitted to the W3C as Note, work on SOAP 1.2 begins
4/2000
SOAP 1.1 released on vendor Web sites
2000
REST architecture published by Roy Fielding
2/1999
SOAP 1.0 released as an IETF Internet Draft
4/1998
Userland releases XML-RPC (subset of original SOAP work)
1998
Work on SOAP commenced, first spec never published
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

14. SOAP Architecture SOAP is an extensible XML framework SOAP defines:
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
SOAP Architecture
SOAP is an extensible XML framework
SOAP defines:
A standard XML framing mechanism that can be used with any transport
A standard representation for errors
A standard processing model
SOAP itself doesn't define:
A standard metadata (type) system
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

15. SOAP Framing SOAP framing allows future extensibility
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
SOAP Framing
SOAP framing allows future extensibility
Headers pushed into XML to decouple functionality from transport
<soap:Envelope
xmlns:soap="
<soap:Header>
</soap:Header>
<soap:Body>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
Headers define additional layers (WS-*)
<!-- headers go here -->
<!-- payload go here -->
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

16. XSD and WSDL SOAP was completed by XSD and WSDL
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
XSD and WSDL
SOAP was completed by XSD and WSDL
XML Schema (XSD) introduced type system for XML applications
WSDL introduced an interface definition language for services
WS-I sanctioned them in the basic profile
Basic Profile 1.1 released 8/2004
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

17. SOAP/WSDL Frameworks Tool support simplifies the dev experience
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
SOAP/WSDL Frameworks
Tool support simplifies the dev experience
Code generation built on XSD and WSDL
Move between XML and native type systems
Hides virtually all XML/HTTP coding details
adwords = makeProxy(
‘ ‘nelson’, ‘ossifrage’)
adwords.setKeywordMaxCpc(53834, ‘flowers’, $0.05)
This tool support is one of SOAP's key advantages
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

18. Message Security Secure Conversation Trust
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
WS-* protocol stack
Message Security Secure Conversation Trust
Security Policy
Coordination Atomic Transactions
Business Activities
Reliable Messaging
XML Schema
WSDL
Policy
Discovery
Reliable Delivery
Security
Transactions
Metadata
Messaging
XML
Transports
HTTP
TCP
Cross-AppDomain
SOAP
Addressing
Eventing
Transfer
XML Infoset
XML MTOM
Binary
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

19. WCF (WinFX) Microsoft's WCF provides full WS-* support
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
WCF (WinFX)
Microsoft's WCF provides full WS-* support
SOAP-based security, RM, and transactions
Supports numerous transports (HTTP, TCP, named pipes, MSMQ, P2P, etc)
Hides complexity through simplified OM
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

20. 3/31/2017 6:03 PM
SO Design Principles
Service Orientation (SO) emerged to help us think about service design
SO is a set of design principles:
Boundaries are explicit
Services are autonomous
Share schema and contract only
Policy-based compatibility
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

21. Orchestration (Workflow)
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Orchestration (Workflow)
A future trend is orchestration / workflow
Automating business processes that consist of XML message exchanges
BPEL is the standard laying the foundation
Based on XML, XSD, and WSDL foundation
Supported by MS, IBM, BEA, etc
See BizTalk and WF (WinFX) for support
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

22. Is SOAP Too Much? Some believe SOAP is overkill at times
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Is SOAP Too Much?
Some believe SOAP is overkill at times
When the Basic Profile is enough
No need for SOAP-based SRT
Plain Old SOAP approach often used
Leverage SOAP but without WS-*
Increases interoperability potential
Frameworks/tools hide XML/HTTP code
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

23. Plain Old XML (POX) Some go further: Plain Old XML (POX)
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Plain Old XML (POX)
Some go further: Plain Old XML (POX)
Ditch SOAP altogether
Just exchange XML messages over HTTP
Interoperability is virtually guaranteed
Requires more XML/HTTP coding
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

24. REST Architectures In 2000, Roy Fielding introduced REST
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
REST Architectures
In 2000, Roy Fielding introduced REST
"REpresentational State Transfer"
An architecture for services on the Web
An observation of how the Web works
Fundamentally different from SOAP/WS-*, but similar goals in mind
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

25. REST Design Principles
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
REST Design Principles
REST design principles:
Stateless client/server protocol (HTTP)
Well-defined operations (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
Universal resource identifier syntax (URI)
Use of hypermedia (HTML, XML)
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

26. Understanding REST SOAP emphasizes verbs while REST emphasizes nouns
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Understanding REST
SOAP emphasizes verbs while REST emphasizes nouns
Generic HTTP verbs can be used with each noun (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
Tunnels through HTTP POST
REST
SOAP
User { }
Location { }
getUser()
addUser()
removeUser()
updateUser()
listUsers()
findUser()
getLocation()
addLocation()
...
POX representation
<user>
<name>Jane User</name>
<gender>female</gender>
<location href=
" York City, NY, US</location>
</user>
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

27. Weblogs and RSS Most of blogosphere is REST-based
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Weblogs and RSS
Most of blogosphere is REST-based
Each item is addressable by URI
You can retrieve lists of items, etc
RSS versions define representations
RSS 0.9x, 1.0 and 2.0 are common today
Very different, influenced by vendors
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

28. Atom 1.0 Atom 1.0 is emerging as the syndication standard today
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Atom 1.0
Atom 1.0 is emerging as the syndication standard today
Submitted to IETF, published as RFC 4287
Completely vendor-neutral
Atom Publishing API is REST-based
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

29. REST Pros & Cons Pros Cons Simplifies traditional CRUD-style scenarios
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
REST Pros & Cons
Pros
Simplifies traditional CRUD-style scenarios
Addressability, consistency
Optimized for reads (GET)
Cons
Tied to HTTP for all practical purposes
Hence, limited to HTTP feature set
Lacks metadata standards & tool support
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

30. SOAP/REST Sightings Both have carved out their own turf
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
SOAP/REST Sightings
Both have carved out their own turf
Many popular sites offer services via SOAP or REST or both
Google, Yahoo!, Amazon, eBay, etc
The jury is still out in certain areas
Enterprises are embracing SOAP/WS-*
Complexity exposes REST limitations
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

31. Guidance Embrace POX/HTTP for reach integration
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Guidance
Embrace POX/HTTP for reach integration
Use Plain Old SOAP for better tool support
Consider REST principles for CRUD-driven scenarios (may extend reach further)
Leverage SOAP + WS-* for deep enterprise integration
WSE, WCF, BizTalk, WF, etc.
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

32. © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

33. Special training offer from Pluralsight
3/31/2017 6:03 PM
Special training offer from Pluralsight
Mention you attended this talk, and receive a $200 discount on your next course
Upcoming courses
.NET Campsight, Building Connected Systems
September in Redmond, WA
Double Feature: WCF & Workflow
August 28-September 1 in Mountain View, CA
©2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.