1. THERMAL ENERGY
Chapter 5

2. TEMPERATURE, THERMAL ENERGY, AND HEAT – 5.1
A. Temperature
1. Matter in motion
2. Kinetic energy and temperature
a. Please Define Temperature:
Measure of the average kinetic energy of all
the particles that make up an object.

3. B. Thermal Energy 1. Please Define Thermal Energy: Sum of the kinetic and potential of the particles that make up an object.

4. 2. Temperatures and thermal energy 3. Mass and thermal energy C. Heat
1. Please Define Heat:
Energy that is transferred between
objects due to a temperature difference between those objects.

5. 1. Please Define Specific Heat: Amount of heat needed to raise
D. Specific Heat
1. Please Define Specific Heat:
Amount of heat needed to raise
the temperature of 1 kg of a material 1oC.

6. 2. Water as a coolant 3. Calculating thermal energy changes

7. Practice Problems p. 142 1. 2. 3.

8. F. Measuring Specific Heat 1
F. Measuring Specific Heat 1. How does the Calorimeter measure the specific heat of a substance? The scientists heats a sample of matter, measures the sample’s temperature change, its mass, and how much energy was transferred from the sample of matter to water inside the Calorimeter.

9. CONDUCTION, CONVECTION, AND RADIATION – 5.2
A. Conduction
1. Please Define Conduction:
Transfer of thermal energy by collisions between
the particles that make up matter.

10. 2. Collisions transfer thermal energy

11. 3. Thermal conductors a. Name three excellent conductors: 1. Silver 2
3. Thermal conductors a. Name three excellent conductors: 1. Silver 2. Copper 3. Aluminum

12. 1. Please Define Convection: Transfer of thermal energy in a fluid
B. Convection
1. Please Define Convection:
Transfer of thermal energy in a fluid
by the movement of warmer and cooler fluid from one place to another.

13. 2. Convection currents a. How does convection occur
2. Convection currents a. How does convection occur? The rising of a heated fluid and at the same time the falling of a cooling fluid.

14. 3. Deserts and rainforests

15. Radiation
1. Please Define Radiation:
The transfer of heat by electromagnetic
waves.

16. 2. Radiation and matter 3. Radiation in solids, liquids, and gases

17. D. Controlling Heat 1. Animals and heat

18. E. Thermal insulators 1. Please Define Thermal Insulator: A material through which thermal energy moves slowly.

19. a. Why is fleece a “good” insulator?
2. Insulated clothing
a. Why is fleece a “good” insulator?
The fibers in the fleece trap the
air and hold it next to you. The
air slows the transfer of your body’s
thermal energy into its surroundings.
Under the jacket, a blanket of warm
air covers you.

20. a. Why is fiberglass a “good” insulator?
3. Insulated buildings
a. Why is fiberglass a “good” insulator?
The fiberglass insulation contains
fluffy material that contains pockets
of trapped air which slows the transfer
of heat to the surroundings.

21. a. Why are Thermoses “good” insulators?
There is a vacuum between the two
surfaces of a thermos bottle. This
minimizes the transfer of thermal
energy by conduction and convection.
Thermos bottles also have reflective
surfaces, which minimize energy transfers
by radiation.

22. USING THERMAL ENERGY – 5.3
A. Heating Systems
1. Forced-air systems

23. 2. Radiator systems

24. 3. Electrical heating systems

25. a. Passive solar heating 1. How do Passive solar heating systems work?
In passive solar heating systems, materials
inside a building absorb radiant energy from
the Sun and heat up during the day. At night
when the building begins to cool, thermal
energy absorbed by these materials helps
keep the room warm.

26. b. Active solar heating 1. What is a solar collector
b. Active solar heating 1. What is a solar collector? Device used in an active solar heating system that transforms radiant energy from the Sun into thermal energy.

27. 1. Please Define Thermodynamics:
Study of the relationship between thermal
energy, heat, and work.

28. 2. Heat and work increase thermal energy

29. 3. The first law of thermodynamics
a. Please Define the First Law of Thermodynamics:
States that if the mechanical energy of a system
is constant, the increase in the thermal energy
of the system equals the sum of the thermal
energy transferred into the system and the work
done on the system.

30. 4. Isolated and non-isolated systems

31. 5. The second law of thermodynamics
a. Please Define the Second Law of Thermodynamics:
States that energy spontaneously spreads from regions
of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.

32. Converting Thermal Energy into Mechanical Energy 1. Heat engines
a. Please Define Heat Engine:
Device that converts some thermal energy
into mechanical energy.

33. 2. Internal combustion engine
a. Please Define Internal Combustion Engine:
Heat engine that burns fuel inside the
engine in chambers or cylinders.

34. Doing Work to Transfer Thermal Energy
1. Refrigerators

35. Doing Work to Transfer Thermal Energy
2. Air conditioners

36. Doing Work to Transfer Thermal Energy
3. Heat pumps

37. Doing Work to Transfer Thermal Energy
4. Energy transformations and thermal energy
a. Friction converts mechanical energy
into thermal energy when electrical
generators rotate.

38. Doing Work to Transfer Thermal Energy
4. Energy transformations and thermal energy
b. A laptop computer converts electrical
energy into thermal energy.

39. A. Please do Check Concepts 29-35 on page 164 in your Text.
CHAPTER 5 REVIEW
A. Please do Check Concepts on page 164 in your Text.
B. Please do Standardized Test Practice 1-8 on page 166 in your Text.
C. I will type out a Pre-Test with an Equation sheet for you to practice
before your Test on Chapter 5.