1. Kingdom Fungi

2. What are fungi?
Eukaryotic heterotrophs that can be decomposers, parasites, or live mutually with other organisms

3. Where do you find fungi?
Everywhere- soil, water, air, land, in and on plants

4. What is the relationship between fungi in the soil and the plants and animals that live there?
The types of fungi in the soil dtermine the types of plants, which determines the types of animals that live there.

5. How many species of fungi are there?
~ a million

6. How do saprophytic fungi get nutrients?
They secrete enzymes to break down dead organic matter in recycling

7. How do parasitic fungi get nutrients?
They obtain nutrients from living hosts

8. How are the cell walls of fungi different from the cell walls of plants?
Fungi have cell walls made of chitin, plants have cell walls made of cellulose

9. What is the storage carbohydrate in fungi
What is the storage carbohydrate in fungi? And how is it related to animals?
Glycogen.
It is the same storage molecule animals use to store carbohydrates in their muscle and liver cells

10. Do fungi reproduce sexually? Asexually? Or both?

11. Are fungi more related to the animal or plant kingdom?

12. Structure of Fungi:
Hyphae: a network of rootlike structures that grow and branch until they cover and digest a food source
Hyphae make up the bodies of Fungi:
Fruiting body: reproductive structure made from a tangled mass of hyphae (this is what we see)
Mycelium is a tangled mass of hyphae that is underground

13. Figure 21-2 The Structure of a Mushroom
Section 21-1
Fruiting body
Hyphae
Mycelium
Go to Section:

14. How fungi spread and reproduce:
Asexually:
1) hyphae break off from a fungus and begin to grow on their own
2) spores that grow on the gills of the fruiting body
Both of these asexual forms can be carried by wind, insects or water and this causes the fungi to spread

15. Gills

16. How fungi spread and reproduce:
Sexually:
1) involves two different mating types (like female and male but not), which mate to form a new fungus

17. Four Phyla of Fungi Threadlike Fungi Examples: Bread mold
Characteristics: have sporangia (hyphae that grow in the air and form spores)

18. Figure 21-5 The Life Cycle of Rhizopus
Section 21-2
FERTILIZATION
MEIOSIS
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Diploid
Haploid
Go to Section:

19. Four Phyla of Fungi Sac Fungi Examples: yeasts, mildew, morels
Characteristics: Largest # of species and have an Ascus: sacs containing spores

20. yeast
Morel

21. Four Phyla of Fungi Club Fungi
Examples: Mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs
Characteristics: Basidia: spore-bearing structure on the gills (looks like a club)
Can be poisonous

25. Four Phyla of Fungi Imperfect Fungi
Examples: Penicillum, ringworm, athlete’s foot
Characteristics: these fungi do not quite fit into the other groups and most cause diseases in plants and animals

27. How Fungi Get Their Food:
All fungi are heterotrophs, but they can also be
1) Decomposers: break down dead stuff
2) Parasites: live off another living organism and can cause serious plant and animal diseases
- corn smut, Dutch Elm disease, athlete’s foot, ringworm

29. How Fungi Get Their Food:
3) Mutualists: a relationship where both partners benefit

30. Examples of Mutualistic Relationships
1) Lichens:
fungi and algae
fungi provide water and protection from intense sun while algae produce food
extremely resistant to drought and cold

32. Examples of Mutualistic Relationships
2) Mycorrhizae:
fungi that live in the roots of plants
the fungi enable plants to absorb more water and nutrients
plants provide fungi with food