2. Chapter 23: Fungi Fungus Diversity

3. Identify what fungi are. Describe habitats of fungi. Outline the structure of fungi. Describe fungi reproduction. Summarize the evolution of fungi. Give an overview of fungi classification. You should be able to:

4. What is a Fungus? Not a plant!!! – Heterotroph - No chlorophyll therefore a – Saprobe – feeds on dead or decaying matter Eat by absorbing nutrients (decomposer) – extracellular digestion, - Use hyphae for digestion that takes place outside of the body. –Enzymes that break down nutrients then it is absorbed. (plants do not absorb nutrients)

5. Nutrition (Gets its food: )

7. Symbiosis - Two organisms live in association together –Types of Symbiosis Mutualism Parasitism commensalism

8. Parasitic Fungus

9. - Parasite - live off of living organism Ex. athletes foot - extracellular digestion

11. What it looks like under skin.

12. Ringworm

13. Mutualistic Fungus Lichens and Mycorrizae

14. Lichens - mutualism between a fungus and an algae - fungus- moisture, algae- food - Pioneer- one of first organisms to move into an area environmentally sensitive

15. Mutualism: Lichen

17. Mycorrhizae - mutual relationship between plant roots and fungi (90%) - increase absorption ability of roots fungus benefit - nutrients and water

19. Structure of Fungus Cell wall made out of Chitin Hyphae - reproductive filaments Mycelium - visible mass of hyphae Ex.Mushroom

20. - - Hyphae and a mycelium

21. Reproduction of Fungus Asexual –Fragmentation,budding, –Produce spores

22. Spores

23. - Sporangium - structure producing spores - sexual reproduction - 3 types - basis of classification

25. Adaptations - spores- resistant - spores carried everywhere - huge numbers- puffball= trillion spores - warm, moist conditions

26. Zygote Fungus Phylum – Zygomygota Example: Bread Mold Spores are made by both asexual and sexual repro. Sexual Reproductive structure: – Sporangium Distinct structures of: – Rhizoids – hyphae that anchor the fungus – Stolon – mycelia that grow along the surface

27. Note Rhizoids and Stolons:

28. You are looking at sporangia – contains spores

30. Sac Fungi - Ascomycota - colorful molds, dutch elm disease, apple scab, morels, truffles, yeast, and cup fungi

33. - Ascus – reproductive structure in sac fungus - spore producing sac - sexual reproduction

34. Club Fungi- Basidiomycota - mushrooms, puffballs, brackets, rusts and smuts, toadstools

35. - Basidia - spore producing structures - gills, cap, stipe - only sexual reproduction

46. Imperfect Fungi Asexual reproduction only Examples: Penicillium – Aspergillus – used to make soy sauce and citric acid –Thrush – fungal infection of mouth

47. Importance of Fungi 1. Decomposers - recycle dead materials along with bacteria 2. Penicillin – antibiotic 3. rich in vitamin C 4. Food source- 5. Pest control – create competition, parasite to insects that eat crops