1. UNIT #5 – PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT LESSON #2 – Reforming Society (165-168)

2. LESSON #2 – Reforming Society VOCABULARY Seneca Falls (165) Elizabeth Cady Stanton (165) Suffrage (165) Suffragists (165) Susan B. Anthony (165) 19 th Amendment (166) Child labor (167) Breaker boys (167) Triangle Shirtwaist Company (167) Temperance movement (167) Prohibition (168) ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 3. When did women finally get the right to vote in America? Who led this movement? 4. Why were labor and zoning laws needed?

3. Bell Ringer Shacks were built of corrugated paper, thin wood and tar paper. A heavy object was placed on the roof to keep the shredded tar paper in place. Fresh air into these homes was rare. For privacy and security, windows were boarded up. This left homes dark and dank. Flooring, if there was any, was a thin piece of wood placed over dirt (or mud) Unsanitary conditions and extreme poverty accounted for most deaths in children in the late 1800s. As many as 2/3 of the deaths in NYC died under age 5.

4. This is a first hand account of living conditions of the urban poor “One, two, three beds are there, if the old boxes and heaps of foul straw can be called by that name; a broken stove with crazy pipe from which the smoke leaks at every joint, a table of rough boards propped up on boxes, piles of rubbish in the corner. The closeness and smell are appalling. How many people sleep here? The woman with the red bandanna shakes her head sullenly, but the bare-legged girl with the bright face counts on her fingers—five, six!” How would you describe these conditions? Why does this matter?

5. Women’s Suffrage Should women have equal citizenship rights as men? Of course But why… explain the reasons… SUFFRAGE = right to vote https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWQKYmg_0R0 Many women felt that if they could be in government, they could help make needed changes As early as 1848, they were meeting to discuss getting the right to vote Read EARLY CHALLENGES (p. 165) What is the suffragist movement? What changed in 1920 in this movement? (166) Getting women the right to vote 19 th Amendment

6. Practice what you know… In the space on the back of this packet, create a slogan and propaganda poster for women’s suffrage. In the mean time…

7. Reforming Society What were some social problems the progressives wanted to fix? (166) What did their charities do? What they hope their laws would do? Crime, poverty, drinking, filth Tried to get services to the people who needed it Have it so the government provided those services

8. Child Labor How many hours a day do you think a child under 10 should work? Why? What should he be doing? What were the breaker boys? Very young boys who were to break the coal from rock. They worked LONG hours.

9. Bell Ringer The Triangle Shirtwaist Company occupied the top three floors of a building in New York. Most of the employees were immigrant girls and women aged 13 to 23. The employees worked at sewing machines and were paid by each piece they finished. The management locked the exit doors to pressure the employees to stay at their machines and to discourage stealing. At 4:30 pm on March 25, 1911, a fire started on the eighth floor where the patterns were cut. Piles of loose cloth fed the fire and, within minutes, flames engulfed the upper floors. Trapped, the panicked women pounded on the locked doors. Some ran to the one fire escape, which collapsed and killed many of them. Others leaped to their deaths from the roof or lower floors. The firefighters' ladders reached only to the sixth floor. The safety nets they brought broke under the weight of so many people landing in them at one time. In the 30 minutes it took the fire to burn itself out, 147 people died. It was the worst factory fire in the history of New York City.

10. Reacting to events… Note the TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST COMPANY. More new laws were created from that disaster to protect workers than any other in US history. What changes should be made in the law to protect workers?

11. Health and Safety Codes Adults existed in poor conditions, too. Factories and mines were dangerous. People got injured. What do you think all employers should guarantee their workers? List the minimum standards that now exist (bottom of p. 167)

12. Prohibition movement Since about 90% of all of criminals in our prisons are drug and alcohol related, what should we do to decrease their occurrence? The women’s suffrage movement embraced the prohibition movement. What was the goal of this movement? (168) Stop people from drinking

15. At a Georgia cotton mill in 1909, two boys keep a spinning machine running by repairing broken thread and replacing bobbins as they are filled. Even though many child labor laws were in place at the state and local level, they were often ignored. This was especially true in rural areas. In mills, mines, and fields, children as young as 6 years old would often work 68 to 72 hours a week. Some children were so small they had to balance on part of the machine to be able to reach the spools. Children worked on machines with many moving parts, such as this spinning machine. Injuries were common, including the loss of fingers, toes, and limbs.