1. DATA ANALYSIS AND STATISTICS Methodology for Describing and Understanding VARIABILITY

2. Data consists of SAMPLES, OBJECTS, OBSERVATIONS described by means of one or more VARIABLES

3. Descriptive DATA ANALYSIS Organising DATA Summarizing DATA

4. Statistical Inference “Draw conclusions” Hyphothesis Testing

5. Descriptive DATA ANALYSIS Measure of LOCATION MEAN, MEDIAN Measure of SPREAD, VARIABILITY STANDARD DEVIATION, VARATION RANGE

6. NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

7. MEAN k = measured value for observation k N = number of observations

8. FREQUENCE DISTRIBUTION/ HISTOGRAM

9. MEDIAN The median of a variable/object estimates the centre of the data distribution. =, N odd, N even The MEDIAN is a more robust measure than the MEAN for location

10. 25% of all observation is smaller than the LOWER QUARTILE. 75% of all observation is smaller than the UPPER QUARTILE. QUARTILES

11. STANDARD DEVIATION VARIANCEVARIATION

12. r = max(x k ) - min(x k ) RANGE The range is the difference between the maximum and the minimum values of a variable

13. Coefficient of Variation RELATIVE STANDARD DEVIATION SCALE INDEPENDENT

14. Used for revealing systematic variation with time, e.g, CONTROL CHART QUALITY CONTROL FOR MONITORING LABORATORY ANALYSIS AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES (TRENDS/DEVIATION), STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL (SPC) TIME SERIES PLOT