1. Environmental Needs for In-Season N Management S.B. Phillips Virginia Tech

2. Nutrient Inputs into the Chesapeake Bay 337.5 284.8 183.2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 198520002010 Million lb N/Year 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Million lb P 2 O 5 /Year 19.12 12.8 27.13

3. 19852000Goal Virginia13.469.616.00 Pennsylvania4.443.482.26 Maryland6.773.832.92 District of Columbia0.160.140.34 New York1.140.980.59 Delaware0.600.530.30 West Virginia0.570.550.37 Total27.1319.1212.80 Phosphorus Input into the Chesapeake Bay (millions of pounds/year)

4. Counties with 4-20 houses Eastern Shore 31,000 tons Eastern Shore 31,000 tons Shenandoah Valley 453,000 tons Shenandoah Valley 453,000 tons South Central 48,500 tons South Central 48,500 tons Southeast 7,400 tons Southeast 7,400 tons VA Poultry Industry: Total Manure Production ~ 560,000 tons/year. N = 34.7 Million lbs; Phosphate = 35.0 Million lbs

5. Phosphorus applied as poultry litter (4t/A) versus crop removal 050100150200250 CS/RS Corn-SLG-17t Rye-SLG-6t Alfalfa-4t Hay-3t Pasture Corn-GRN-130 PL AddedRemoval lbs P 2 O 5 /acre

6. VH

7. Phosphorus - Based Nutrient Management Plans Phosphorus - Based Nutrient Management Plans Delmarva Legislative Action

8. Nutrient Management Legislation Maryland: Water Qual. Imp. Act, 1998 NMP - 8 AU P-Based – Chemical Fertilizer 12/31/02 P-Based – Manure/Biosolids 7/01/04 Delaware: Delaware Nutrient Mgmt. Law, 1999 NMP - 8 AU or owns/leases/controls - 10 ac P-Based – P appl. to high P soils cannot exceed 3-yr crop removal rate Virginia: Poultry Waste Mgmt. Act, 1999 NMP – 200 AU P-Based – 10/01/01 P rates – not exceed crop needs or crop removal

9. Soil Test P - Eastern Shore of VA VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM 3.4 % 29.1 % 67.5 % l Applying 31,000 Tons of Litter to Produce 150 bu/acre Corn: 7,440 l N-Based - 7,440 acres required 37,000 l P-Based - 37,000 acres required

10. Poultry litter from 20000 broilers applied to 150 bu/acre corn crop Nitrogen Based Rate = 4.2 t/A 150 lb PAN/A 260 lb P 2 O 5 /A 122 lb K 2 O/A Land required = 36 A N needs met Surplus 240 lb P 2 O 5 /A Surplus Surplus 82 lb K 2 O/A Surplus Phosphorus Based Rate = 0.97 t/A 35 lb PAN/A 60 lb P 2 O 5 /A 28 lb K 2 O/A Land required = 181 A Deficit 115 lb N/A Deficit P 2 O 5 needs met Deficit 12 lb K 2 O/A Deficit

11. In-Season N Fertilization l Increased cost to growers l Need to maximize efficiency Improved Varieties Reduced Tillage Systems Accurate Rate Determination Optimize Application Timing Management of Spatial Variability NOT A PUTTING GREEN!