1. This project and its actions were made possible due to co-financing by the European Fund for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals Graphic organisers Reasoning: A fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram Subject(s):Any subject Age group(s):8–11, 12–14, 15–16 Topic:Key visuals EAL Nexus resource Licence information | This resource is free to use for educational purposes. © British Council 2015 Source | This resource was originally developed by Nerissa Lea and has been adapted by EAL Nexus.

2. Visual diagrams can help us to: - understand information - structure writing.

3. Reasoning organisers A fishbone diagram can be used to explain cause and effect.

4. This is a Fishbone (Ishikawa) chart Cause 1Cause 2Cause 3 Cause 4Cause 5Cause 6 Effect

5. A Fishbone (Ishikawa) chart A Fishbone chart can be used... … to describe causes and effects: explain, predict and draw conclusions. Cause 1 Cause 6 Cause 2Cause 3 Cause 5Cause 4 Effect

6. An example What is happening to the wild flowers? Effect Cause 1Cause 2Cause 3 Cause 4Cause 6Cause 5

7. Effect What is happening to the wild flowers? More houses Cause 2 Cause 4 Cause 3 Cause 6 Cause 4 Less land Chemicals Pollution Fewer plants Less wildlife Fewer species of wild flowers

8. What is happening to the wild flowers? More houses Less land Fewer plants Chemicals Less wildlife Pollution … to describe causes and effects: explain, predict and draw conclusions. A Fishbone chart can be used...

9. Fewer species of wild flowers What is happening to the wild flowers? More houses Less land Fewer plants Chemicals Less wildlife Pollution A Fishbone chart can be used... … to describe causes and effects: explain, predict and draw conclusions. Writing practice

10. What is happening to the wild flowers? There are _________ why there are not as many wild flowers as before. _______ is the demand for houses. As more houses are built on waste land, less becomes available for flowers to grow. __________ could be that chemicals and pollution __________ less wildlife and fewer insects that the plants rely on so much to pollinate. a number of reasons, another reason, one reason, result in Check your work

11. What is happening to the wild flowers? There are a number of reasons why there are not as many wild flowers as before. One reason is the demand for houses. As more houses are built on waste land, less becomes available for flowers to grow. Another reason could be that chemicals and pollution result in less wildlife and fewer insects that the plants rely on so much to pollinate. Your next task:

12. Cause and effect (Reasoning) There are a number of reasons … why … One reason is/was … Another reason is/was … One cause is/was … The main cause is/was … The effect is/was … so … because/as …... it means/meant that... so... therefore … The result is/was... Can you use any of these sentence starters for your task?