3.  introduction

4.  Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam born 15 October 1931) is an Indian scientist and administrator who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Kalam was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, studied physics at the St. Joseph's College,, and aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology, Chennai.11thPresident of IndiaRameswaramSt. Joseph's College, Madras Institute of TechnologyChennai

5.  early life & education

6.  Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 in a Tamil Muslim family to Jainulabudeen, a boat owner and Ashiamma, a housewife, at Rameswaram, Ramanathapuram District, located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. [6][7][8][9] He came from a poor background and started working at an early age to supplement his family's income.Tamil MuslimRameswaram [6][7][8][9]

7.  He narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming a fighter pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in the IAF. [14]IAF [14]

8.  Career as scientist

9.  After graduating from Madras Institute of Technology (MIT – Chennai) in 1960, Kalam joined Aeronautical Development Establishment of Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) as a scientist. Kalam started his career by designing a small helicopter for the Indian Army, but remained unconvinced with the choice of his job at DRDO. [16] Kalam was also part of the INCOSPAR committee working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist.Madras Institute of TechnologyAeronautical Development EstablishmentDefense Research and Development OrganizationscientisthelicopterIndian Army [16]INCOSPAR committeeVikram Sarabhai

10.  In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)where he was the project director of India's first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near earth's orbit in July 1980. Joining ISRO was one of Kalam's biggest achievements in life and he is said to have found himself when he started to work on the SLV project. Kalam first started work on an expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in 1965. [1] In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and expanded the program to include more engineers.Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)SLVRohini [1]

12.  Kalam served as the 11th President of India, succeeding K. R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. He served from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007.K. R. Narayanan2002 presidential electionLakshmi Sahgal  On 10 June 2002, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, expressed to the leader of opposition, Indian National Congress presidentSonia Gandhi that they would propose Kalam for the post of President.National Democratic AllianceSonia Gandhi

13.  He was also the first scientist and the first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan. [36]Rashtrapati Bhawan [36]  During his term as President, he was affectionately known as the People's President. [37][38][39] In his words, signing the Office of Profit Bill was the toughest decision he had taken during his tenure. [37][38][39]Office of Profit Bill

14.  Nearing the term expiry of the 12th President Pratibha Patil, whose tenure ended on 24 July 2012, media reports in April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated for his second term. [47][48][49] After the reports, social networking sites were abuzz with activities extending their support for his candidature. [50][51] BJP potentially backed his nomination, saying that the party will lend their support if Trinamool Congress, Samajwadi Party and Indian National Congress proposes his name for the 2012 presidentialPratibha Patil [47][48][49]social networking sites [50][51]Trinamool Congress2012 presidential

16.  In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocates an action plan to develop India into a knowledge superpower and adeveloped nation by the year 2020. He regards his work on India's nuclear weapons program as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.developed nationnuclear weapons  It was reported that, there was a considerable demand in South Korea for translated versions of books authored by himSouth Korea

18.  In May 2012, Kalam launched his mission for the youth of the nation called the What Can I Give Movement with a central theme to defeat corruption. [75][76] He also has interests in writing Tamil poetry and in playing veenai, a South Indian string instrument. [77] [75][76]Tamilveenai [77]  He was nominated for the MTV Youth Icon of the Year award in 2003 [78][79] and in 2006. [80] In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed as an extremely positive influence to a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour of his idolMTV Youth Icon of the Year [78][79] [80]I Am KalamRajasthani

20.  A. P. J. Abdul Kalam's 79th birthday was recognised as World Student's Day by United Nations. [82] He has also received honorary doctorates from 40 universities. [83][84] The Government of India has honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his work with ISRO and DRDO and his role as a scientific advisor to the Government. [85] In 1997, Kalam received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his immense and valuable contribution to the scientific research and modernisation of defence technology in India. [82]honorary doctorates [83][84]Padma BhushanPadma Vibhushan [85]Bharat Ratna

22. Kalam's writings  Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Space Technology by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Indian Academy of Sciences, 1988 [103]Roddam NarasimhaIndian Academy of Sciences [103]  India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium by A. P. J Abdul Kalam, Y. S. Rajan; New York, 1998. [104] [104]  Wings of Fire: An Autobiography by A. P. J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999. [7] Wings of Fire [7]  Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002. [105] Ignited Minds [105]  The Luminous Sparks by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, by ; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd, 2004. [106] [106]  Mission India by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005 [107]Manav GuptaPenguin Books [107]

23.  Inspiring Thoughts by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, 2007 [108] [108]  Indomitable Spirit by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam; Rajpal and Sons Publishing [109] [109]  Envisioning an Empowered Nation by APJ Abdul Kalam with A. Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi  You Are Born To Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond by A. P. J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011. [110] [110]  Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A. P. J Abdul Kalam; Harper Collins India, 2012. [111] [111]  Target 3 Billion" by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; December 2011 | Publisher Penguin Books. Target 3 BillionPenguin Books

24.  Some gentleman has edited the text on 22 March 2011 and inserted that Dr Kalam passed away on 22 March 2011. In his hurry to glory, he has forgotten to verify the authenticity of the information. Well, Dr Kalam is fine. Friends, please do not rush to edit the article without checking your facts two times. -Gopalan evr (talk) 11:06, 22 March 2011 (UTC)Gopalan evrtalk

25.  A truly remarkable feat that Abdul Kalam is technically india's first Most Powerful President. Just a suggestion. :) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.119.55.99(talk) 23:47, 17 July 2010 (UTC)unsigned207.119.55.99talk

26.  Can someone start a section discussing Kalam's political standpoint in taking the presidency in the aftermath of the Gujarat 2001 riots, with the support of BJP. It would seem like he was condoning the riots. --Parasakthi ( பராசக்தி ) 02:29, 3 April 2009 (UTC)

27.  Someone had written that his religion is Shia islam, which makes no sense. As there is no proof of such, I have removed that and replaced it with Islam. — Precedingunsigned comment added by Swejlove (talk contribs) 02:28, 31 December 2007 (UTC)unsignedSwejlovetalkcontribs  Is there any documentable proof of his sectarian affiliation? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Phknrocket1k (talk contribs) 09:26, 29 January 2008 (UTC)unsignedPhknrocket1ktalkcontribs

28.  Is Bharat Ratna a title? Can it be added to the name? I think no. But can't the others be used as title? I think yes. Does the government tell how to use these??asdofindia (talk) 17:52, 3 February 2009 (UTC) All of these can and are used as titles. For example Barat ratna Dr. Ambedkar etc. I dont know if this is officially allowed but that using these as title seems to be the general practice. —asdofindiatalk

29.  Hi all, searches on the net reveal a lot of confusion over whether Kalam was the 12th president or 11th. The official govt web site www.presidentofindia.nic.in lists Pratibha Patil as the 12th president and Abdul Kalam as the 11th. Please comment, we need to fix this on the main page quickly. -- Varunbhalerao 06:45, 18 September 2007 (UTC)Varunbhalerao

30.  The article states His father owned boats which he rented out to local fishermen, but he (Kalam) himself began his career as a newspaper vendor.  Any objection you guys have for me adding this.--138.88.117.66 17:53, 6 August 2006 (UTC)138.88.117.66  I also feel we need to talk more about him accomplishments such as HAL Tejas (It's also known as LCA)--138.88.117.66 18:04, 6 August 2006 (UTC)HAL Tejas138.88.117.66  So no objections to me changing it then ?-- 71.163.69.149 22:58, 16 August 2006 (UTC) 71.163.69.149

31. RReally abdul kalam is a great personality

32. TThank you for watching my presantation.