1. 5-3 Notes: Assyria & Babylonia

2. What is an empire? An empire is a group of lands and different peoples that are ruled by a single government Usually, these groups of people have strong cultural differences between them Assyria – Capital city was Ashur (named after their chief god) first, then Nineveh – located in northern Mesopotamia Babylonia – Capital city was Babylon (chief god was Marduk), located in southern Mesopotamia

6. Hammurabi (c. 1810 B.C.E. – 1750 B.C.E.) King of Babylon who began to unite city-states of Sumer Dammed the Euphrates River so he could cause floods or droughts downstream to punish dissenters Created one of the world’s oldest codes of law (“Hammurabi’s Code”) by collecting old Sumerian laws to form a new code Copies of Hammurabi’s code have been found far away from the city of Babylon, suggesting that he distributed and intended his code to be followed by the whole empire

7. Assyrian Warfare When Hammurabi died, Ashur & Nineveh broke away from Babylonia Between 1400 B.C.E. and 600 B.C.E., Assyria fought many wars against Babylonia and other city- states Siege Towers/Battering Rams – Wheeled vehicle that featured a tower to fire arrows out of and a large tree trunk to “ram” down city walls, gates Used horses to outmaneuver armies in battle

10. Life in Assyrian Cities Assyrians used prisoners of war as farm and construction laborers Assyrian men became famous by being strong hunters, soldiers, and government leaders Assyrian women were expected to work at home and had no rights

11. Assyria & Babylon Assyrian armies rarely damaged the city of Babylon out of respect for their culture Assyrian libraries collected Sumerian, Babylonian texts to preserve their history Nineveh, Assyria’s 2 nd capital, featured an aqueduct (a raised waterway), which used gravity to carry mountain spring water to the city 689 B.C.E. – ruler of Assyria orders Babylon destroyed 612 B.C.E. – Babylon, along with a natural flood, destroyed the city of Nineveh and the Assyrian empire ended in about 5 years time