1. Landforms

2. Landform Types There are 6 different types of landforms: –Mountains –Highlands –Plateau –Hills –Plains –Valley

3. Classification of Landforms Each type of landform can be classified by its elevation and its surface relief. Elevation refers to a landform’s height above sea level. Surface relief refers to the surface of a landform. Flat landforms having low relief and rough, hilly or jagged landforms having high relief.

4. Isostatic Movement Isostasy is one form of movement that is responsible for slowly elevating land in the lithosphere and creating new landforms.

5. Diastrophic Processes Diastrophic processes: the folding, faulting, and plate movements that produce mountain ranges, rift valleys, continents, ocean floors.

6. Mountain Building Mountains are formed in three ways: –Folding –Faulting –Volcanism

7. Folding Folding occurs when the Earth is pushed up from either or both sides. Fold Mountains form as plates slide into each other and the crust is pushed up. Where the crust folds down valleys are formed.

8. Structure of a Fold Mountain The structure of a fold mountain can be complex. Simple fold mountains are made of rock layers that rise and fall like waves of water. The peaks or hills are called anticlines, and the troughs are called synclines.

9. http://www.brainpop.com/science/e arthsystem/mountains/preview.wemlhttp://www.brainpop.com/science/e arthsystem/mountains/preview.weml

10. Faulting Faulting: movement that produces displacement of one rock mass relative to another along a fracture. Plates either slide past each another, over each other, or away from each other along plate boundaries. The stresses caused by these actions are called faults.

11. Faulting occurs when blocks of rock either fracture or pull apart. Subduction Fault: When an oceanic plate moves under a continental plate. The volcanic mountains in the Andes have formed directly above subduction faults.

12. Extension faults: Occur when 2 plates are pulling away from each other.

13. Contour Maps Geographers use many different mapping techniques to show physical features. The most common method is contour mapping. Contour maps show the exact height of the land in measurable terms.