1. Made up of DNA and proteins
Chromosome
Made up of DNA and proteins

2. Chromatid ½ of a chromosome 2 chromatids = 1 chromosome
TWO appear during the
process of mitosis = SISTERS!

4. What does homologous mean?
Homo = the same
Hetero = different

5. Homologous The same!! We get ½ our chromosomes from
… and ½ our chromosomes from

6. Mom
Dad
Homologous Pair
Dad
Mom

7. Who you callin' a diploid??
Haploid vs. Diploid
Who you callin' a diploid??

8. *Has only ONE set of unpaired chromosomes*
Haploid cells
*Has only ONE set of unpaired chromosomes*
What is the haploid number
of human cells? 23

9. Cell that contains TWO haploid sets of chromosomes
Diploid cells
Cell that contains TWO haploid sets of chromosomes
What is the diploid
number of human cells? 46

10. Haploid vs. Diploid The reference to haploid cells is 1N
The reference to diploid cells is 2N
If N = 23 for humans (haploid)
Then 2N ( 2 x 23 ) = 46 (diploid)
Get it??

11. Human gemetes = Haploid = 23 chromosomes each
Gametes
Hey baby…
You complete
me!
are SEX CELLS!
Sperm
Ovum (egg)
Human gemetes = Haploid = 23 chromosomes each

12. With a partner, determine the haploid number for gametes of the following organisms

13. Sex chromosomes vs. Autosomes
Sex chromosomes = this is what determines our sex (duh!)
Autosomes = all the other chromosomes

14. Humans have 1 pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes
X and Y (male)
X and X (female)

15. Sexual Reproduction TWO parents
Each contribute ½ the genetic information by fusion of haploid gametes (sperm and egg)
Offspring contains traits from both parents, but not identical to either
Involves FERTILIZATION
= the moment sperm
enters the egg

16. Asexual Reproduction ONE parent NO fusion of gametes
Offspring are clones (identical) to parent

17. Pick a corner Sexual Asexual Both are equally advantageous
I don’t have an opinion yet, I need more time

18. Which type of reproduction do you think is more of an advantage for organisms?
WHY?

19. Response:

20. What is Meiosis??
Process of cell division in which the chromosomal number is cut in ½, resulting in creation of gametes
In other words – the genetic mix-up to make sure that all sperm and egg have a different genetic code

21. Spermatogenesis
The process in which sperm is produced = 4 sperm per 1 cell!

22. Oogenesis
The process in which an ovum (egg) is produced = 1 egg and 3 polar bodies per 1 cell!

23. Crossing-Over The exchange of genetic material between
homologous chromosomes during meiosis

24. Law of Independent Assortment
States that genes separate independently from one another in meiosis

26. Any questions??