1. By: Brodie Moniz de Sa, Jenny Gleimius, Kylie Goodwin And Michelle Forrest

2. Video analysis is a common tool used in modern sports for many reasons:  For injury prevention and recovery by pin pointing problem areas for re-injury.  To discover weaknesses in technique to improve performance.  For self reflection on performance  To watch opponents performance and analyze their weaknesses, techniques and strategies.

3. -Reflectors -Bright lights (not florescent) -Dark or black floor -Black wall or sheet -Hockey net, if there is a ball involved. -Meter stick (linear scale) -Tape (black and white) -High speed camera (300hz) -Tripod -Silicon coach -Computer -Memory stick -Dark and tight clothing -Bright lights

4.  Large space  Camera 90 ° to the plane of motion and placed on a tripod.  Bright lighting close to athlete  Dark tight clothing on athlete  Clear, dark background (wall and floor)  Reflectors on joints  Linear scale parallel to the plane of motion  Camera as far away as possible and fully zoomed in

5.  Lighting should be bright enough to show the reflectors in contrast with the dark back ground  White light is ideal, with a 60-300 Hz camera  Make sure full range of motion is captured by camera  Shutter speed determines the length that the image sensor is exposed to light  More light is needed as the shutter speed increases  Use practice trials to determine appropriate shutter speed and lighting

6. The following slides will be explaining some aspects when analyzing your video with Silicon coach:  How to trim your video  Making a presentation  Drawing on your video  Measuring angles  Measuring distance and speed  Measuring time

7. 1) Click video capture, on the top left corner, then select the folder with your movie.

8. 2) Double click the movie you would like to edit. 3) Move set in and set out point to appropriate start and end points. 4) Save edited version of video

9. 1) Choose template and then short 1(templates appear above the different shorts) 2) Add your movie to the template 3) Double click movie(s) into free space 4) Click save (save as presentation)

10. 1)Click on your single video

11. 2) Click under drawing tools on your top left hand side to select appropriate tool. 3) Click under general tools below drawing tools to change the color and thickness of the drawing line

13. 1)Use this measurement tool to find the relative angles of joints.

14. 2) Use the measurement tool with the H beside it to find the absolute angle relative to a horizontal line.

15. 3) Use the measurement tool with a V beside it to measure the absolute angle to a vertical line.

16. 1)Open your movie. Before making any measurements you want to calibrate a scale

17. 2) To make your linear scale, click on the ruler button on you left hand side and select two points a know distance apart on your video.

18. 3) A box will appear in the middle of the screen, enter the know distance between the two points you have selected.

19. 4) Use the discrete tool to measure the distance between two other point.

20. 5) Use this continuous tool to measure the distance between points over time.

21. 6) When using the continuous tool the distance and speed will be given at the bottom of the screen

22. 1) When wanting to calculate time of a frame, click the stop watch under label measurements on your left hand side. 2) The time will appear on the top left corner of your video.

24.  Light source height from ground: 1.5m  lights are positioned right in front of camera when filming at 300 Hz to prevent fuzziness. 20 cm horizontally from center of tripod to center of light.  High speed 300 Hz camera 90 ° from plane of movement  Angle of tripod handle compared to the angle of camera 100°  Center of tripod to the tape on the floor: 2.7m. Which was the ball drop target for Brodie performing the kick.  Hockey net from the tape on the floor: 1.2m

25.  Formula to find linear velocity (V): V=d 2 -d 1 / t 2 -t 1 d= displacement t= time  To calculate the linear velocity you take the linear displacement and time stamp of the frames before and after the frame of interest.

26. Farthest hip extension V hip=0.197m/s V knee=0.328m/s V ankle=0.351m/s Looking at this point (yellow line) which is Brodie’s point of farthest hip extension of his drop kick. The linear velocity of the point is important because it is the last point of contact between his right foot and the ground.

27. Ball to foot contact V hip=0.184m/s V knee=1.45m V ankle=0.797m/s This frame is the first ball to foot contact point. This is an important point because it is when Brodie’s legs total velocity of his hip, knee, and ankle is imparted on the ball.

28. Final ball contact V hip=0.156m/s V knee=0.195m/s V ankle=0.424m/s This picture shows the last point of contact between Brodie’s foot with the ball. This is an important point because it’s the last point that his leg’s velocity will effect the ball trajectory.

29.  To find angular displacement you want to measure the relative angle between the body segments.  For example to find an angular displacement of the hip to trunk you will want to measure the angular position or orientation between the trunk and the thigh bone.

30.  Formula to find angular velocity (ω): ω = θ 2 -θ 1 /t 2 -t 1 θ = angular displacement t= time  To calculate the angular velocity you find the angular displacement of the frame before and after and the time stamp of the frame before and after the frame of interest.

31. Farthest hip extension ω hip=-8.97deg/s ω knee= 9.49deg/s ω ankle= 8.72deg/s The angular velocity of this point in Brodie’s kick (yellow line) is decreasing or increasing in angular velocity during the farthest hip extension.

32. Ball to foot contact ω hip= -17.97deg/s ω knee= -21.20deg/s ω ankle= 14.30deg/s This is the point (yellow line) where brodie’s foot makes contact with the ball. The articulating angle of these joints will affect the trajectory of the ball.

33. Final ball contact ω hip= -11.67deg/s ω knee= -17.12deg/s ω ankle= -4.67deg/s This is the last point (yellow line) in which the angular velocity will have an impact on the ball’s velocity and trajectory.

34.  Point one is the first stage to Brodie’s kick. According to http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/skills/4198116.stm, As Brodie steps forward he should raise the ball to waist level. Generally Brodie is in the right area with the ball but by lifting the ball a little higher Brodie could increase his form.  As well http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/skills/4198116.stm says you must keep your eyes on the ball, Brodie does this well. Point 1:Starting position

35. Point 2: Ball to foot contact  http://rugby.isport.com/rugby-guides/how-to-drop-kick-in-rugby, says for improved accuracy the ball should be contacted by the foot just after it leaves the playing surface. Brodie does a good job of this because the ball as not travelled vertically very high before Brodie’s foot makes contact with it. Another Important part to the ball contact is where the foot contacts the ball. http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/08/ajb/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Drop_kick. html, suggest the kicking foot should make contact with the ball slightly on the instep of the foot. Because we are recording Brodie’s analysis from the right side of his body we are unable to determine specifically which part of his foot he contacted the ball with.

36. Point 3: Follow through  According to. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/skills/4198116.stm, in the follow through the player should rise up on to the toes of the standing foot. Brodie does this well. Also the arm opposite to the kicking foot should cross the body for better balance. Brodie’s arm crosses his body slightly but is more tucked in against his body than extend. If Brodie was to extend his arm more he could improve his balance.

37. Ball contact with the ground:  www.faqs.org/sports-science/, suggests that the ball should be drop at an angle with the ground at 45° and with the ball pointing towards the player. During Brodie’s analysis, the angle of the ball at the point of contact with the floor was 84°. This is substantially more a more vertical angle that the literature suggests. This difference in angle may cause Brodie’s kick to be shorter in horizontal distance but higher in vertical height, due to the change in projection angle of the ball, which would affect the arc. Because the purpose of a drop kick is an offensive tactic with the purpose of the dropkick being the kick the ball through the goal post, Brodie will want to train the ability to optimize horizontal distance and good projection angle, starting with the angle of the ball to the horizontal at contact.

38.  The measurements we decided to record were based on the main sequences of kicking a rugby ball. The ideal kicking sequence starts with a sturdy planter foot. The pelvis then rotates, causing the hip to accelerate as it extends, and then the knee extends reaching full extension the instant of contact, while the foot flexes before contact. We chose to measure the hip, knee, and ankle so we can analyze the linear and angular velocities of those joints to see whether the joint is flexed or extended, and how that affects the ball’s movement as they are the joints which have the most impact of the projectile of the ball. The highest performance kick involves stability and full extension of the knee and foot, while the angle of the ankle is also secure. This provides minimal inertia, and alternatively produces and more desired velocity of the ball. The momentum of the kick unlike most people assume, does not come from the velocity of the kicker. The kicker must almost come to a stand-still before commencing the kick to ensure stability and control. The momentous speed of the ball comes from the rotation of the pelvis and the thigh, combined with the velocity of the knee and ankle. From the data derived from the video analysis, concluded that the ankle is not fixed during the entire kick of the ball, which means that the angle taken from the ankle to the toe increases while commencing contact with the ball, displaying the foot as being unstable, which diminishes the potential velocity of the ball. As the leg contacts the ball, the knee is not fully extended which increases the inertia of the lower leg, inversely decreasing the velocity of the ball.