1. 省级精品课程 《高级英语》第三版第一册 制作人：徐李洁
省级精品课程 《高级英语》第三版第一册 制作人：徐李洁

2. Lesson 2 Hiroshima – the “liveliest” city in Japan

3. Teaching Aims To acquaint students with the historical
facts of the atomic bombardment in
Hiroshima and its impact upon people’s lives.
To acquaint students with Japan and her traditions revealed in the text.
To enable students to appreciate the reportorial writing, i.e. facts and opinions.
See the movie “广岛纪实” by BBC

4. --Hiroshima (general introduction)
Background knowledge
--Hiroshima (general introduction)
--Japanese customs (cited from the text)
--The atomic bombing (the BBC film)
--The Peace Park

5. Choice of Target --Hiroshima
Some military camps were located nearby such as the headquarters of the Fifth Division and Field Marshal Hata's 2nd General Army Headquarters, which commanded the defense of all of southern Japan.
Hiroshima was a major supply and logistics（后勤） base for the Japanese military.
The city was a communications center, a storage point, and an assembly area for troops.
It was chosen as a target because it had not suffered damage from previous bombing raids, allowing an ideal environment to measure the damage caused by the atomic bomb.
The city as a whole was highly susceptible to fire damage.

6. Effects of an Atomic Bomb Explosion
The devastation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki（长崎） resulted from three main types of effects: blast, thermal radiation, and nuclear radiation.
Blast effect is significant for chemical high explosives.
Thermal radiation, the extremely high temperatures created by an atomic explosion, causing serious burns on exposed parts of the body and may ignite fires over a wide radius.
Nuclear radiation, which results from the neutrons and gamma rays associated with fission, causing death and injury as a result of damage to living tissue.

7. The damage:
Destroying almost everything within a radius of 6,000 to 8,000 feet( ,450 meters). Altogether an area of 13 sq. Ikm. (5 sq. mi.) was reduced to ashes and of the 76,000 buildings in the city 62.9% were destroyed and only 8% escaped damage
Over 71,000 people were killed instantly. Many more later died of injuries and the effects of radiation. Survivors are still dying of leukemia (白血病), pernicious anemia (恶性贫血症), etc.
The radiation caused long-term problems to those affected. Many people died within the first few months and many more in subsequent years because of radiation exposure. Some people had genetic problems which sometimes resulted in having malformed babies or being unable to have children.
It is believed that more than 140,000 people died by the end of the year. The total number of people who have died due to the bomb is estimated to be 200,000.

8. An account by Masatada Asaeda-- 3rd Grade Student in 1945
When we were playing in the school ground, an airplane came, but we kept on playing, only saying "Why did they give the all-clear?" All of a sudden, there was something like lightening and I covered my face with my hands. When I opened my eyes and looked around, it was dark and I couldn't see anything. While I was feeling around in the darkness, it became light. I was thinking of going home, and I found that all the houses around me had been destroyed and fires were burning here and there.
I started running home, crying and calling, "Mother! Mother!" But I couldn't tell where my house had been. I just went around this way and that, and then I heard my sister calling my name. I was shocked when I saw her, because she was stained with blood all over. I looked at myself; the skin of both my arms and feet had peeled away and was hanging off. I didn't know what all this meant, and I was frightened, so I burst into tears. Meanwhile, Mother had crawled out from the pile of tiles and dragged an overcoat and Father's cloak out of a trunk and wrapped us in them.
We spent the night in Yasu Shrine in Gion. Because of their burns, everyone was crying for water all night. The next morning, we were taken by truck to a Buddhist temple in Kabe. That night, my sister died. How can I describe Mother‘s grief? How can I describe the horrible scenes I saw in the temple then? Who can imagine the miseries we went through except those who were there themselves? It is entirely beyond my power to put the terrible sight into words. Countless people suffering from burns and wounds, groaning with pain, their bodies covered with maggots（蛆）, and dying in delirium（精神错乱）, one after another. It was hell on earth.

9. General Introduction of the Text
What type of writing is the text?
How many sections is the text divided?
What is the theme, tone, mood, point of view of the text?
Narrative writing (time order)
Section 1 -- Arrival at Hiroshima
Section 2 – Dinner with the mayor
Section 3 – Interview with the patient
Theme--The terrible effect of nuclear weapons upon people
and their lives. A protest to nuclear weapons is voiced
Tone -- (meaning the way the author feels or thinks
about the subject of the story): bitter, upset, sad, ironic
Mood – bitter, depressing
Point of view: first person participant

10. Section One – Arrival at Hiroshima
A. Questions for Discussion
1.What do you know about the author?
nationality ; occupation; aim of the visit
2.How did the writer feel at the arrival? Why?
3. What impresses you most in this section?

11. 1. What do you know about the author? An American
A reporter who had taken many reportorial assignments.
To prove/ find out whether Hiroshima is the liveliest
city in the world.
2. How did the writer feel at the arrival?
bitter, sad; guilty, depressed
I had a lump in my throat—I was choked with emotion; I was so overcome with emotion that I could not speak or think clearly. (a feeling of pressure caused by repressed emotion)
had a lot of sad thoughts on my mind – I was occupied with some sad thoughts.
The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air…: The fact that I was in Hiroshima was in itself a much more exciting experience for me than any trip I had taken or any reporting work I had done in the past.
Was I not at the scene of the crime?--- the dropping of the A-bomb on Hiroshima (rhetorical question)

12. 3. What have you learned about Hiroshima and people there from this section?
Advanced in technology (rapid development after WWII,
the fastest train – magnetic train (517m/hr) Japan and Germany
an obvious conflict between western influences and the traditional
customs, they exist side by side
teenagers and women— in western dress, miniskirt (fashionable
groups)
little girls and elder ladies – in kimonos (kids and old ones keep the
tradition)
narrow streets, traditional houses on boats
tall buildings, beige concrete skyscrapers
constant bowing to each other
tourist atmosphere
the cab-driver’s behavior towards travelers
knowing little of the way, avoid losing face,

13. little girls / little bows /
The use and function of ‘littles’ in this section:
little girls / little bows /
little red telephones/know little of their city/
sketch a little map/
little old Japan/ little floating house
(大日本帝国—小日本)
chauvinism(沙文主义)—a strong, unreasonable belief that your own country is more important and morally better than other people’s.
chauvinistic the use and function of seven ‘littles’ in this section:
大男人 , 大丈夫, 大小伙子,
小女人, 小媳妇, 小丫头,

14. Section two –Dinner with the mayor
Questions for Discussion
What did the writer expect to hear at the dinner? How did he feel?
The writer was ironical and humorous. Find words and expressions that show them.

15. a stunning, porcelain-faced woman
traditional white make-up, looks like porcelain
a stunning person or thing is extremely beautiful
or impressive.
tatami matting, walking in socks

16. What did the writer expect to hear at the dinner? How did he feel?
(The writer expected to hear some talks about how people in Hiroshima were affected by the atomic bombardment. )
the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me… returned
I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood at the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony
as inhibited as I was…
the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated
The company more and more agitated
jolting me out of my sad reverie
reverie—dreamy thinking, esp. of agreeable things; the state of being absorbed in dreamlike contemplation; daydreaming

17. Two schools of thought about the remains of the bombardment
1) to preserve the traces of the bombing
2) to get rid of everything, to demolish them
Debate on the above two ideas

18. Section Three – Interview with the patient
Questions for Discussion
1) What happened to the old man? How did he face it? What do you feel about the old man’s words?
2) Was the writer ironical and humorous in this section? Was his tone different from that of the first section? Why?
3) What questions do you think the reporter had wanted to ask beforehand? What answers did he get from people’s eyes?

19. What happened to the old man? How did he face it?
--a fisherman by trade.
--was in Hiroshima when the bomb was dropped.
--had no burns on his face or body (no injuries on the outside)
--his hair began to fall out, his belly turned to water, felt sick
--has been in hospital for more than 20 years
--he gazed at the writer ..with interest. --has been making little lucky birds, congratulating himself.

20. Was the writer ironical and humorous in this section
Was the writer ironical and humorous in this section? Was his tone different from that of the first section? Why?
The tone changed into an objective one: telling what he heard and seen. Not ironical and humorous, but sympathetic and sad.
He got the truth although people have tried to hide all the time.
What questions do you think the reporter had wanted to ask beforehand? What answers did he get from people’s eyes?
such as: do you think Hiroshima is the liveliest city in Japan?

21. Words and Expressions pop e.g. One of balloons popped.
Champagne corks were popping throughout the celebrations.
(burst (open) with a short, sharp, slightly explosive sound (onomatopoeia)
The magician had real rabbits popping out of his hat.
You solve one problem and another would immediately pop up
(appear unexpectedly)
My eyes popped at the sight at the variety of food on display.
(look surprised)
I popped the magazine into the bag when my father came in.
(put sth quickly)
lurched from side to side
screeched to a halt
I found myself in front of … (without purpose, unexpectedly)
The usher heaved a long, almost musical sigh
…is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt

22. Survive/ survival/survivor v.t, vi.
(sb.) survive in dangerous situations or illnesses…an earthquake/ a fire/ the bombardment/ heart attacks.
(sb) survive in difficult circumstances.
He managed to survive on 100 yuan a month.
People are struggling to survive without jobs.
(sb) survive someone else—continue to live after sb. else is dead.
Most women will survive their spouses.
(sth) survive – exist although there is a risk of it being destroyed or abolished.
When the market economy is introduced, many factories will not survive.
The chances of a small stall surviving the heated competition always look terribly slim.

23. To linger —be late or slow in going away.
e.g. He loved the place so much that he lingered about after everyone
else had left.
The custom of …. lingers on (is still observed but is now very weak)
The memory lingered on for years.
A lingering fear of swimming after the accident
to inhibit —to prevent something or slow it down, or to prevent someone from doing sth.
e.g. The high price inhibits people from buying big houses.
Government officials are inhibited from running business.
(sb) feels inhibited—if you say someone feels inhibited, you mean they find it difficult to behave naturally and you think it is a bad thing.

24. agitated – feel worried and upset, and show this in the behavior, movements, or voice
e.g. Susan seemed agitated about something.
The man in the house was in a very excited and agitated state.
Agitation, agitate.
e.g. The thought agitates her.
Dan lit a cigarette, trying to mask her agitation
sink in 被完全理解，深深印入脑中
e.g. I think the lesson has sunk in: he won’t make the same mistake again.
The teacher has explained it twice, but I ‘m afraid it still has not sunk in.
I repeated it till the meaning of the words sank in.

25. Translation
他一想到马上要见到在监狱服刑的儿子就感到一阵内疚. (a twinge of , at the prospect of)
我永远也忘不了我的家乡,我在那里出生,长大,从那里踏上了成功之路. (where…, where…)
今天能请到张教授给我们讲学是我们的荣幸. Very great honor)
除了Joe每个人都被这个笑话逗的大笑。Joe花了好一会儿才领会其义也大笑起来. (sink in)
美国政府决定在世贸大厦倒塌现场建立新的大厦. (at the point of)
He felt a twinge of regret/guilt at the prospect of meeting his son in prison.
I will never forget my hometown, where I was born and grew up, where I set out on the road to success.
Today, it is a very great honor to have Professor Zhang here to give us a lecture.
Everybody laughed at the joke but Joe; it took quite a while for it to sink in before he laughed too.
The American government decided to erect a new building at the point of collapse of the World Trade Center.

26. Translation 1. 他干的事与我毫不相干. (have little to do with)
2. 她 睡不着觉,女儿的病使她心事重重. (on one’s mind)
3.他陷入沉思中,没有理会同伴们在谈些什么. (be oblivious of)
4.我喜欢教师这个职业,这样,我有机会和年轻人在一起. (rub shoulders with)
5.他拥有如此众多的迷本身就说明了他是一个成功的歌手. (the very symbol)
6.一看见纪念碑就想起了在战斗中死去的战友. (the very sight of )
7. 时间飞逝. (flash)
1.What he did has nothing to do with me.
2. She couldn’t fall asleep as her daughter’s illness was very much on her mind.
3.He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.
4.I like being a teacher, which gives me a chance of rubbing shoulders with young people.
5.That he has so many fans is the very symbol of his success as a singer. (The very fact of his having so many fans shows that he is a successful singer)
6.The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle.
7.Time is flashing by.

27. 镀镍的医疗器械
以打鱼为生
失踪的朋友和亲人
感觉恶心呕吐
原子弹受害者
尘世烦恼
怡养性情
提前准备
使人脊背发凉
遗传基因病变
(nickel-plated medical instruments)
( a fisherman by trade)
(missing friends and relatives)
(feel sick)
(atomic bomb victim)
(earthly cares)
(improve one’s character)
(prepare …in advance)
(send shivers down the spine)
(genetic damage)

28. C. Homework Recite paragraphs 1,10--19
Use following expressions to make sentences:
1. rub shoulders with;
find myself…;
linger;
company;
5. send shivers down the spine;
read the answer in the eyes
….the very sight of…
It is humiliating to …
to be crushed at the thought of
without concern for…
Recite paragraphs 1,10--19

29. Dictation 1. reportorial assignment 2. atomic bombardment
3. ritual formula the martyred city
5. lurch from side to side screech to a halt
7. arresting spectacle concrete skyscrapers
9. incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt
10. porcelain-faced die in agony
12. feel inhibited jolt me out of my sad reverie
14. the spinal column send shivers down the spine
16. commit suicide encounter prejudice
18. twinge of embarrassment 19. earthly cares
20. Hiroshima