1. Focus Question Left Hand Side: the thinking/reflective part How one feels about the question Why does one wants to know more Prior knowledge displayed through a first Concept Map. Captures how the learner plans to learn. Right Hand Side: the action part What did one do to learn What new knowledge was constructed – Second Concept Map How does one feels about what was constructed.

2. Facilitate organisation and representation of knowledge. Effective in identifying both valid and invalid ideas held by learners. Promotes learner autonomy Reveal that learning is continuous and never ending

3. Metacognitive tools give us an explicit picture of what’s going on in the learner’s head and how they respond to incoming information. Learning processes explain why they respond in the way they do. Merging these tools steers learners towards a meta- learning journey so that they better understand how they learn and so equip themselves with a life-long learning skill.