1. People are not using the latrines Ask the question: "So what?" ……. i.e… -What are the implications of that fact? -Why is this fact important? …..and keep asking the question until you have drawn all the possible conclusions from it. Appreciation technique

2. People are not using the latrines Ask the question: “WHY is this happening?" … …..and keep asking the question ‘Why is that?’ until you feel you have got to the root of the problem (up to five times). 5 whys technique

3. People are not using the latrines Write the problem on the left of a flipchart sheet. Next, write down a little to the right, three points relating to either: – factors contributing to the problem – information relating to it, or – questions raised by it For each of these points, repeat the process once more. Keep on drilling down into points until you fully understand the factors contributing to the problem. Drilling down technique

4. People are not using the latrines Write the exact problem in detail on the right of a flipchart sheet (the effect). Work out the major factors involved: – e.g. people; equipment; environment; place; management; materials Choose two key factors and consider possible causes related to that factor. Consider what appear to be the most likely causes. Cause effect technique

5. Facilitator notes… Optional techniques: You need to gauge the level of the groups and choose the four most relevant options

6. Your group needs to consider: -Physical causes: have equipment, materials etc. failed in some way? -Human causes: has someone done something wrong or not done something that was needed? -Organisational causes: is there a system, process or policy which is faulty? People are not using the latrines

7. Have a general discussion amongst your group to try and consider the root causes of this problem. General discussion