1. Measurement and Experimental Design Using Numbers to find some Answers!

2. The process 1.OBSERVATION 2. HYPOTHESIS FORMATION 3. EXPERIMENTATION (WITH CONTROLS!) 4. EVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA 4. THEORY/MODEL CONSTRUCTION 5. PREDICTION 6. NEW OBSERVATIONS…THE PROCESS CONTINUES!

3. Quantifying…Measuring… How do we get numbers for comparison? What are our measurement standards?

4. The SI System “Systeme Internationale d”Unites” Distance … meter (m) Weight (a force) … newtons (N) Mass … grams (g), kilograms (kg) Area … square meters (m 2 ) Density … gram/cubic cm (g/cm 3 ), kilogram/cubic meter (kg/m 3 ) Time … seconds (s) Temperature … degrees Kelvin K=C°+273 Electric current…ampere (A) Substance amount…mole (mol) Light intensity…candela (cd)

5. Measurement – Some Practice!! T- G- M- k- h- da- U d- c- m- µ- n- p- Tera- Giga- Mega- kilo- hecto- deka- unit deci- centi- milli- micro- nano- pico- 1000 100 10 1/10 1/100 1/1000 10 12 10 9 10 6 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -6 10 -9 10 -12 Try these!! 1. 1500cm = _______ hm6. 2.0g = _________pg 2. 55kL = __________ nL7. 125ds = __________Ms 3. 5.09n = __________ Tn8..006cm = __________Gm 4..0009daL = _________ µL9. 320kg = __________mg 5. 10 6 ns = __________ ks 10. 2 x 10 2 Mg = __________cg

6. Scientific Notation Quantity is expressed as the product of a number (usually between 1 and 10) and a power of 10 Example: 533 = 5.33 x 10 2 Addition and Subtractiion: Add or subtract only after exponents are the same. Example: 867 + 0.02 = 8.67 x 10 2 +.0002 x 10 2 = 8.6702 x 10 2 Multiplication: Multiply first numbers, ADD exponents Example: (55,000)(.02) = (5.5 x 10 4 )(2 x 10 -2 ) = (11 x 10 2 ) = 1100 Division: Divide first numbers, SUBTRACT exponents Example: 840 /.0021 = (8.40 x 10 2 ) / (2.1 x 10 -3 ) = 4.0 x 10 5 = 400,000

7. Designing an Experiment 1)Independent variable 2)Dependent variable(s) 3)Control group(s)

8. Presenting Experimental Data in Graphic Form Functions of a Graph? 1. Display data in visual form 2. Prediction of untested data!!!

9. Graphing “Steps” 1.Title graph 2.Select, Label x- and y-axes 3.Scale axes (number lines) 4.Plot data points 5.Draw best-fit line

10. Graph Type Uses Line – A Dependent variable changes as the Independent variable changes…a link between them is tested. Bar – Counted numbers, sizes, amounts of different quantities are compared…no link is tested. Pie – The parts of a whole are compared.