1. Unit 2 Cells and Structures Topic 7 Body Systems and Your Health Remember to name and date your notes!

2. In humans, substances are transported in the blood. The circulatory system constantly brings oxygen and nutrients from the external environment into your body. Blood components are listed on the next page.

3. Component% of Blood Main Function Plasma 55Carries nutrients, wastes, hormones and blood cells. Red Blood Cells 44Carry oxygen White Blood Cells Less than 1 Defend against infection/disease Platelets Less than 1 Gather and attempt to stop blood flow.

4. HEALTHY SYSTEMS Leading causes of hospitalization in Canada are disorders of: 1.Circulatory System (15%) 2.Digestive System (11%) 3.Respiratory System (10%)

5. High blood pressure (hypertension) can affect the circulation of blood and lead to heart attacks and strokes. Doctors use a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure.

6. Blood pressure indicates several things: 1.Blood volume: lost blood leads to low pressure 2.Heart rate: fast beating heart pushes blood faster, building up pressure.

7. 3. Artery size: small clogged arteries lead to higher pressure. 4. Artery Elasticity: lack of stretching results in higher pressure. 5. Viscosity: thick blood flows less easily than thin.

9. Disorders of Circulatory System Smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and lack of exercise. Nicotine causes blood vessels to constrict.

10. High salt diet can raise blood pressure. High fat diet can clog arteries As arteries narrow from clogging, they can tear and cause clots which travel to brain and cause strokes. Clog arteries cause heart attk

11. Starch and sugars are carbohydrates – main source of energy for body. Starch is found in fleshy fruits, cereal grains, beans, peas Easily digested into simple sugars for quick energy

12. We need to eat fats…used as energy and protect organs If you eat more fat than your body requires, it gets stored Proper diet/exercise will ensure that you have enough fat, but not more than needed

13. Proteins from meat, fish, eggs are needed for growth and body tissue repair.

14. Disorders of Dig. System Low-fibre diet, eating too much too quickly, eating foods high in sugar or cholesterol may lead to colon cancer. (if this happens regularly for a long time!)

15. Stress, smoking, alcohol or aspirin abuse can cause a peptic ulcer - stomach or small intestine damaged by acid – can be painful.

16. Disorders of Resp. System Smoking, pollution can cause resp. problems. Smoking can cause lung cancer and emphysema. Like other cancers, cells grow out of control and compete with healthy cells for nutrients. Healthy cells die and cancerous cells continue to grow.