1. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-1 Why Employees Join Unions Dissatisfaction with management Social outlet Opportunity for leadership Forced unionization Peer pressure

2. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-2 Dissatisfaction with Management Compensation Job Security Management Attitude

3. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-3 Social outlet Many people have strong social needs Take advantage of union-sponsored recreational and social activities that members and their families find fulfilling People who develop close personal relationships will likely stand together in difficult times

4. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-4 Opportunity for leadership Some individuals aspire to leadership roles Employees with leadership aspirations can often satisfy those aspirations through union membership Union also has a hierarchy of leadership that begins with the union steward

5. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-5 Forced Unionization In 28 states without right-to-work laws, legal for employer to agree with union that new employee must join union after certain period of time (generally 30 days) or be terminated Referred to as union shop agreement

6. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-6 Right-to-Work Laws Prohibit management and unions from entering into agreements requiring union membership as condition of employment State statutes or constitutional provisions that ban practice of requiring union membership or financial support as condition of employment 22 states, located primarily in South and West, have adopted such laws

7. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-7 Peer Pressure Some will join a union because they are urged to do so by other members of the workgroup May constantly remind an employee that he or she is not a member of the union In extreme cases, union members have threatened nonmembers with physical violence and sometimes have carried out these threats

8. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-8 Union Structure Local union National (or international) union American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) Change to Win Coalition

9. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-9 Local Union Basic element in structure of American labor movement Deals with employer on day-to-day basis

10. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-10 Craft and Industrial Unions Craft union - Such as Carpenters and Joiners, is typically composed of members of particular trade or skill in specific locality Industrial union - Consists of all workers in particular plant or group of plants (example, United Auto Workers)

11. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-11 National Union Composed of local unions, which it charters Local union, not individual worker, holds membership in national union Service Employees International Union is largest and fastest growing national union (1.8 million members) International Brotherhood of Teamsters has about 1.4 million members

12. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-12 American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) Represents labor interests at highest level Does not engage in collective bargaining Financed by member national unions Has little formal power or control Central trade union federation in U.S.

13. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-13 The Structure of the AFL-CIO Convention Meets biennially Executive Council President, Secretary-Treasurer, and 33 Vice Presidents Meets at least three times a year General Board Executive Council members and principal officer of each international union affiliate Meets on call of Federation President or Executive Council Executive Officers President and Secretary-Treasurer National Headquarters Standing Committees Staff Departments Department or Organization and Field Services Regional Directors Trade and Industrial Departments Building, Food, Metal, and Maritime Trades, Industrial Union, Public and Railway Employees, Union Label Local Dept. Councils Affiliated National and International Unions Affiliated State Bodies Local Bodies Local unions affiliated directly with AFL-CIO Local Unions of National and International Unions

14. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-14 Remember the Change to Win Coalition New union federation consisting of seven unions that broke from AFL-CIO and formally launched rival labor federation representing about 6 million workers in 2005 Led by Service Employees International Union Also included are Teamsters, United Food and Commercial Workers, Unite Here, Carpenters’ Union, Laborers’ International Union of North America, and United Farm Workers

15. © 2008 by Prentice Hall12-15 Collective Bargaining Defined Performance of mutual obligation of employer and representative of employees to meet at reasonable times and confer in good faith with respect to wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment, or the negotiation of an agreement, or any question arising there under, and execution of written contract incorporating any agreement reached if requested by either party, but such obligation does not compel either party to agree to proposal or require making of a concession.