1. Citizen Science An Introduction February 2016

2. What is Citizen Science? AKA crowd science, crowd- sourced science, civic monitoring, volunteer monitoring, networked science, participatory monitoring/research Scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateur or nonprofessional scientists Photo credit: Brian F Powell

3. Jefferson Powell Thoreau Early citizen scientists

4. History of Citizen Science Known by other names throughout history Term first entered into Oxford English dictionary in 2014 Great increase in programs in the 1990s Photo: Albert Herring, Wikimedia commons

5. Dramatic growth between 1997 to 2014 in publications featuring citizen science Follet and Strezov, PLOS ONE Prevalence of citizen science data

6. The usefulness of citizen science data North American Breeding Bird Survey data have contributed to over 500 peer-reviewed publications Christmas Bird Count, celebrated annually since 1900, is not only one of the largest, longest-running citizen science programs, it is one of the largest ecological datasets available Cloned lilac project alone has yielded 58 peer-reviewed publications

7. www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/indicators/ecosystems/bird-ranges.html

8. Value of citizen science data Volunteers contribute ~$2.5B annually to biodiversity research

9. Scientific value often underestimated Evaluated review of 10 claims of impacts of climate change on avian migration No reference to “citizen science” found in publications, although citizen science contributed to 24-77% of references Significance of citizen science to research greater than perceived “Quality of data collected by volunteers, on a project-by-project basis, has generally been found as reliable as the data collected by professionals"

10. 2012. Primack, R. B, Miller-Rushing, A.J 7 day average 61 years 2-3 week average 1999. Bradley, N.L., Leopold, C.A., Ross, J., Huffacker, W. Sandhill crane and geese

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