2. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo1 Hideto En’yo RIKEN / RIKEN-BNL Research Center Experiments at RHIC, the First Spin Collider ---- just taking off ----- Hideto En’yo RIKEN / RIKEN-BNL Research Center

3. Tin Toy

4. How this toy works ? Tires rotating, and runs A Fly Wheel is working hard inside, which carries the moment of inertia

5. Spin of the Earth and Spin of Proton Spin Top and Magnet characters

6. Fundamental Questions What attracts quarks How can we study ? What is the fly wheel of Proton SOLVED Big Question Facility Ready

7. What is the fly wheel in the proton Proton Spin Crisis Proton Spin Crisis Big Question

8. Polarize protons ( arrange all the proton spin to the same axis ) Spin collider 【 The first in the world 】 Accelerate to the very high energy And Collide !

9. What We learn ? Particle Physics Hadron Physics =Physics @ RICH ＱＧＰ Proton Structure Nuclear Physics Astro Physics 0.0001sec after the Big-Bang Quark Gluon Plasma The First Element, Nucleon Yuko Mochizuki, RIKEN-RARF

10. Long Island, USA 、 NY

11. RHIC Circumference 3.83 km Two rings –Proton + Proton –Nucleus + Nucleus

13. 不死鳥 PHENIX 検出器 南 μ 介子 測定器 北 μ 介子測定器 西・電子・光子測定 器 東・電子・光子測定 器

14. PHENIX Experiment

16. How we can polarize proton

17. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo16 Polarized Proton Acceleration KEK OPPPS, Tuned for RHIC at TRIUMPH Booster: No Spin Resonance AGS: Partial Siberian Snake Transfer Lines to RHIC, Spin transparent Two Rings in the Tunnel

18. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo17 Snake Magnet STAR PHENIX AGS LINAC RHIC Proton and its spin motion in Snake 4 Helical Dipoles – one Snake essential invention for RHIC spin 2 Snakes in each ring Snake axis orthogonal each other Spin is preserved up to 250GeV RIKEN fund

19. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo18 Beam ’ s View Si #1 Si #2 Si #4 Si #3 leftright down up Si #5 Si #6 Carbon filament target (5 m g/cm 2 ) in the RHIC beam Measure recoil carbon ions at  90 º 100 keV < E carbon < 1 MeV Wave-Form Digitizer +FPGA high counting rates (~0.5 MHz) scaler measurement  ~ 3  10 -4 in ~1 minute. Carbon ADC values Arrival time (ns) Coulomb Nuclear Interference Polarimeter STAR PHENIX AGS LINAC RHIC PaNic02 K.Kurita

20. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo19 Luminosity in Year 1 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 13579111315171921232527293133 Days into run (from 12/20/01) STAR 300 nb -1 PHENIX 150 nb -1 Machine Luminosity 300 nb -1 /week Peak 1.8x10 30 cm - 2 s -1

21. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo20 Polarization in Year 1 Yellow RingBlue Ring

22. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo21 Why polarization was low ? 10% 20% 30% P AGS P RHIC Injection 1 st Year Ramp up Spead Source Improvement New AGS SNAKE 2004-5 AGS motor generator failure ½ ramp up speed 2x resonance effect

23. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo22 ２００３

24. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo23 Prospect of Machine performance RUN#proton /bunch [x10 9 ] #bunchBeta* (m) Emittanc e (  m) L uminosity 10 30 cm -2 s -1 Pol. (%) 2001- 2002 70553251.815-25 2002- 2003 1001121251645-55 2004- 2005 ?1121??70-80 Design2001121208070

25. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo24 The Spin Experiments STAR PHENIX AGS LINAC RHIC pp2pp Spin Rotators pp elastic Silicons in Roman pot -t down (0.004 GeV/c) 2 b*=10m (special tune)

26. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo25 Spin Physics at RHIC Spin Structure of Nucleon –1/2=(1/2)  +  G+L q +L g  G: gluon polarization  q: Anti-quark polarization –New Structures h 1 : transversity RHIC = polarized parton collider NEW TOOL to study hadronic processes W,Z @500GeV flavor sensitive studies on the structure functions cc/bb Production mechanism Spin in the fragmentation Parity,CP violating interaction? Test of pQCD Use asymmetries sensitive ONLY to the higher orders (A N at high P T etc.) ?QCD triumph? or ?beyond ?

27. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo26 A LL : Double Longitudinal Spin Asymmetry –Useful in extracting quark/gluon helicity distributions A TT : Transversity A N : Twist-3 or T A L : Parity Violation Asymmetries Measurements

28. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo27 Global QCD Analysis AAC Preliminary M. Hirai, H.Kobayashi, M. Miyama et al. Impact of RHIC Spin on  g With RHIC DATA (1year)

29. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo28 Measurements of  q,  q at PHENIX –d small at high x  u/u (  d/d for W  ) flavor selected valence quark polarization  d/d (  u/u for W  ) determination Major background is Z decay (20%) systematic error will be minimized (~1%) with A L Z (~20%)and  (Z) measurements N.Saito Parity violating single Asymmetry unpolarized distribution  polarized distribution

30. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo29 Data from the 1 st polarized pp runs  Run all the time with vertical polarization  polarization is too low to perform double spin  No gluon information  Commission the detectors for polarized pp  Cross section reference for pp and AA  First measurements of L-R asymmetry at root( s ) = 200GeV

31. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo30 PHENEIX  0 cross section Pt Spectrum over 10 8 magnitude NLO pQCD calculation –CTEQ5M pdf –Potter-Kniehl-Kramer(PKK) – fragmentation function –  = p T /2, p T, 2p T Consistent with data within the scale dependence. PHENIX Preliminary Normalization error of 30% not shown. MB trigger2x2 trigger p T dependent systematic error Spin02 B.Fox (RBRC) QM02 H,Torii(Kyoto) PaNic02 Y. Goto(RIKEN)

32. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo31 PHENIX J/  µ+µ-µ+µ- e+e-e+e- Br(J/  l + l - )  (total) = 226  36 (stat.)  79 (syst.) nb  ( p+p  J/  X ) = 3.8  0.6 (stat.)  1.3 (syst.) µb PHENIX Preliminary Total Cross section vs. the Color-Evaporation Model prediction CEM Parameters are fixed by fitting low energy data The result agrees with the CEM prediction at s=200GeV Spin02 H. Sato( Kyoto) Panic02 K.Ozawa(CNS) Rapidity distribution compared with PHITHIA simulation

33. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo32 Physics in A N (L-R Asymmetry) useful for local polarimeter for collision point 0 1 2 3 4 5 Rapidity STAR FPD 0 o CAL BBC PHENIX MUON PHENIX CENTRAL STAR TPC pp2pp E704 at Fermilab at  s=20 GeV, p T =0.5-2.0 GeV/c: X F 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 PTPT Models:: Transversity, Higher Twist, Fragmentation, kT, Orbital. Etc.

34. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo33 STAR Forward rapidity high x F  0 A N x F ~ E / 100 GeV STAR FPD Preliminary Data Assuming A N (CNI)= 0.013 p T =1.1 - 2.5 GeV/c 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.2 00.20.40.60.81.0 A N    Systematic uncertainty + － 0.05 Theory predictions at p T = 1.5 GeV/c Collins effect Anselmino, et al. PRD 60 (1999) 054027. Sivers effect Anselmino, et al. Phys. Lett. B442 (1998) 470. Twist 3 effect Qiu and Sterman, Phys. Rev. D59 (1998) 014004. Y.Koike PaNic02 Spin02 G.Rakness(IUCF)

35. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo34 Beam-Beam Counter (luminosity monitor) PHENIX preliminary (backward)(forward) PHENIX-BBC |A N | < 0.3%  : 3.0 - 3.9 PHENIX-BBC |A N | ~ 1%  : 3.0 – 5.0 Asymmetry Measured by RHIC polarimeter

36. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo35 12 O‘clock （ local polarimeter for PHENIX) EM Cal Base PbWO 4 Charge Veto Neutron VetoHadron Cal Base Pb Scintillator W+Fiber Cal Post-shower Spin02 Y.Fukao(Kyoto) Panic02 M.Togawa(Kyoto) 00

37. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo36 12 O’clock

38. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo37 Asymmetries (A N ) seen 0 1 2 3 4 5 Rapidity STAR FPD 0 o CAL BBC PHENIX MUON PHENIX CENTRAL STAR TPC pp2pp X F 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 PTPT  0 +10 ~ +20% Charged +1% Neutron - 10%  -3%  0 <3%

39. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo38 Coming Run with longitudinal polarization 3pb -1,P=50% W. Vogelsang STAR JET PHENIX Charged  G will be directly probed expectations

40. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo39 Summary and Outlook RHIC spin program has begun. We have a series of program over 5 years to go. Y2001-2, The first polarized proton collision was successfully done with transversely polarized beam, produced unexpected spin phenomena which may relate to unknown behavior of QCD (transversity etc) Y2002-3, The first measurements of helicity asymmetry will SOON be performed @200GeV. Sizable  G generates surprises in the data. Y2003+, Statistics will be much improved @200GeV, ensuring the determination of  G. “Spin Crisis” will hopefully be solved by then. Y2005+, Weak Bosons will be produced at RHIC, the NEW “flavor sensitive” tool for the anti-quark/quark polarization and unpolarized structure function of anti-quark measurements. beyondAnd beyond…

41. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo40

42. CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo41 Many Thanks To RHIC Spin Collaboration (Spokesman: G. Bunce) Spin physics is an integral part of the goals of the STAR, PHENIX and pp2pp experiments. RHIC Accelerator Spin Group (Spokesman:T.Roser, Project Manager: W.Mackay) RIKEN and RIKEN/BNL Research Center (Group Leaders: H. En’yo, G.Bunce, N. Saito), Theory Group （ W.Vorgelsang et.al.) STAR Spin Physics Working Group (Conveners: L. Bland, G. Eppley) PHENIX Spin Physics Working Group (Conveners: Y. Goto, M. Perdekamp) pp2pp Experiment (Spokesman: W. Guryn) BNL Groups: RHIC Spin Group (Group Leader: G. Bunce); KEK Accelerator Group (Y. Mori et al.); Laboratory / University participation Kyoto-U, TITech, ANL, IUCF, KEK and many others.