1. World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water WMO OMM WMO www.wmo.int STRATEGIC PLANNING MODELS EC WG/SOP-I(2016)/Doc.3.1(1) Dr William Nyakwada First Session of EC WG/SOP 16-19 February 2016 Geneva, Switzerland

2. WMO OMM Presentation layout Introduction Strategic Planning Process –Models for diagnosis –Models for designing a strategic plan –Models for implementing a strategic plan Evolution of models used to present WMO SPs. "He who loves practice without theory is like the sailor who boards ship without a rudder and compass and never knows where he may cast."—Leonardo da Vinci 2

3. WMO OMM Introduction  “Strategy" derived from the Greek word "strategos" the art of "General" or army leader.  Its application in the military means “to plan the destruction of one’s enemies through effective use of resources”.  It is an intelligent, systematic, deliberate and continuous process to prepare for action.  It addresses at least one of these questions: What do we do?, For whom are we doing it? How do we excel? 3

4. WMO OMM Strategic Planning Process It has three phases- diagnosis, design and implementation. It involves using a systematic criteria and rigorous investigation to formulate, implement, and control strategy, and formally document organizational expectations. It is influenced by the culture(values), leadership, the complexity of the environment or organizational structure. There is no one best way to plan. A strategic Plan is a product of an attitude and a way of thinking,not of an analysis or a set of facts. 4

5. WMO OMM Diagnosis Phase Looks at the current and past state of an organization, and the trends and factors that may influence its future The models used include: –Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT); –Company, Customers and Competition(3C’s); – Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental (PESTLE); –Porters five forces; and –Strategy, Structure, systems, Shared values, Skills, Staff, and Style (McKinsey 7S’s). 5

6. WMO OMM Diagnosis Phase Cont’d 3Cs and PESTLE PESTLE 3Cs Model 6

7. WMO OMM Diagnosis Phase Cont’d ‘’Industry structure drives competition and profitability, not whether an industry is emerging or mature, high tech or low tech, regulated or unregulated.’’ (Porter, 2008) Porter’s Five Forces McKinsey 7S’s Table 1. SWOT Tables 2-5 7

8. WMO OMM Design Phase Deciding on the structure of the SP, selecting model(s) to use. Developing or revising the vision and identifying the best strategies or approaches to translate into action to realize it. There is no single, universal and perfect strategic planning model for an organization. Models- Basic, Issue-Based, Alignment, Scenario, and Organic planning(Terms –Table 6). 8

9. WMO OMM Design Phase Cont’d Basic Strategic Planning- Small, busy and learning (mission, vision, values, goals, strategies, action plans, M&E) Issue-Based (or Goal-Based) Planning-Identify and prioritize major issues/goals (mission, vision, value, issues; objective, strategies; action plan; M&E). Alignment Model -Focus on aligning the mission resources (mission, vision, values, programs and resources; what works/not works well; identify adjustments; include adjustment in SP) 9

10. WMO OMM Design Phase Cont’d Scenario Planning- Selects external forces and imagine related changes that might impact the organization (Best, Worst & Reasonable), mission, vision, value, objectives, strategies, Action Plan, M&E Organic (or Self-Organizing) Planning-Self organizing process (Built on the shared values) 10

11. WMO OMM Implementation Phase Action planning, M&E and, Communication. Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is often used in implementing strategies McKinsey 7S’s Model can also be used 11

12. WMO OMM 12 Balanced Scorecard (BSC)

13. WMO OMM  66% Never implemented.  95% staff do not realize the strategy.  Strategies fail due to ineffective implementation Strategy formulation AppropriateInappropriate Strategy implementation Excellent SuccessRescue or ruin Poor TroubleFailure Relationships between strategy formulation and implementation(Baroto et al., 2014) 13

14. WMO OMM Evolution of models used to present WMO Strategic Plans 14

15. WMO OMM Issues to Consider The impact of the changes introduced Results and actions on GSNs Priorities as representatives of strategic direction; Unchanging results. Model or a set of models to present SP. Need to conduct a SWOT Enhancing capacities of NMHSs in strategic planning (Para. 45). 15

16. WMO OMM Thank you If you fail to plan, you plan to fail. 16