1. The Columbian Exchange 20-4

2. I.The Columbian Exchange between the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa: What is the Columbian Exchange? 2. To the Americas a. Bananas, coffee, onions… b. Cattle, sheep, pigs, horses… c. Diseases - smallpox, measles… A. Global transfer of food, plants, animals, diseases 1. From Americas a. Potato, corn, tomatoes, peppers, tobacco… b. turkey… c. Disease - syphilis

3. Old World to New WorldNew World to Old World Diseases Smallpox Measles Chicken Pox Malaria Yellow Fever Influenza The Common Cold Syphilis Animals Horses Cattle Pigs Sheep Goats Chickens Turkeys Llamas Alpacas Guinea Pigs Plants Rice, Wheat Barley, Oats Coffee Sugarcane Bananas, Melons Olives Dandelions, Daisies, Clover, Ragweed, Kentucky Bluegrass Corn (Maize), Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties), Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties), Tobacco, Peanuts Squash, Peppers, Tomatoes, Pumpkins, Pineapples, Cacao (Source of Chocolate), Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum), Papayas, Manioc (Tapioca), Guavas, Avocados Source: http://spider.georgetowncollege.edu/htallant/courses/his111/columb.htm Columbian Exchange

4. B. Impact of Columbian Exchange 1.Growth of towns 2.Social mobility leading to rise of merchant class in Europe 3.European nations wealthier 4.Mercantilism 5.Global interaction 6.Rise in slavery 7.Destruction of native peoples of the Americas

5. C. Triangular Trade = Columbian Exchange + slaves

6. II. Slavery A. Origins date back to BCE 1. slaves were prisoners of war, or people of different nationality or religion B. African slaves increased with the spread of Islam 1. African leaders justified slavery: Non-Muslim prisoners of war could be bought and sold as slaves 2. Early slaves went to North Africa, and Southwest Asia 3. As Europeans began to move into the Americas they wanted slaves

7. C. Native Americans were enslaved by Europeans but died from abuse and diseases brought by Europeans 1. Europeans looked to Africans as source of labor a. had farming experience b. had resistance to European diseases due to earlier contact with Europeans c. unfamiliar with the new land, so would not be able to escape as easily as Natives

8. Middle Passage = Africans from Africa to West Indies, North and South America

10. D. Consequences of Slave Trade 1. In Africa a. Loss of population b. Families torn apart c. Culture lost 2. In Americas a. Slave traders wealthy b. Slave owners benefitted c. Brutal conditions for slaves (Africans and Natives) d. Native Americans killed with labor and diseases d. African culture spreads Loss of Culture - impossible to reconstruct today

11. III. Global Trade A. Rise of capitalism – system based on private ownership and the investment of resources ($$) for profit 1. businesses across Europe grew 2. growth in business = more $$ in supply = inflation B. Development of joint-stock companies 1. like a corporation; people bought shares of the company = combining wealth to create a business 2. common purpose of the age was to colonize the Americas

12. C. Mercantilism: power depended upon wealth 1. wealth = gold and silver in treasury (explorers looking for gold) 2. favorable balance of trade = sell more goods than buy a. led to the desire to establish colonies in “New” World b. establish colonies i. source of raw materials and market for finished goods ii. colonies not allowed to manufacture own products for trade D. Political and economic power shifted A. Northern and western Europe more powerful than Italy & Middle East B. Growing middle class

13. E. Because of Trade 1. Changes to the way people lived 2. Standard of living rose 3. people ate new foods 4. New beverages like coffee, cocoa, and tea led to coffeehouses and tearooms, where people met to share ideas and conduct business 5. Increased food supply = Europe’s population grew rapidly 6. Contact with non-Europeans brought foreign ideas & inventions 7. Global economy began