1. Elements of Neurology 1Lufukuja G.

2. Elements of neurology  Organs of the nervous system are basically formed of the neurons.  Other associated or supporting cells of the nervous system are known as neuroglia or glial cells. These include microglia, schwann cells, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells.  Neurons and glial cells have their intercellular substance known as neuropile more pronounced in the brain and spinal cord 2Lufukuja G.

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5. Neurons:  This is a nerve cell (basic unit of NS) and all of its processes. A neuron has two parts; cell body (soma) and processes. Cell body contains a nucleus and all necessary organelles for metabolic activity. Processes are for impulse conduction; an axon (long and only one per cell) conducts the impulses away from the cell body while the dendrites (short and one or more per cell) conduct towards.

6. Neuron cont…..  Neurons are classified according to the number of processes into: Pseudounipolar or unipolar Bipolar Multipolar  According to function as: Sensory Motor Association, intermmediate or internuncial  According to length of an axon into: Golgi type I – relatively short axons Golgi type II – relatively long axons  According to myelination of an axon into: Myelinated neuron Non-myelinated neuron

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8. Nervous system  The nervous system is formed of the following organs: i.Brain ii.Spinal cord iii.Nerves iv.Ganglia (sing. Ganglion) 8Lufukuja G.

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13.  The ANS has two divisions named as craniosacral (parasympathetic) outflow and thoracolumbar (sympathetic) outflow. Lufukuja G.13 Nervous system…

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15. Lufukuja G.15 Parasympathetic

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20. Dermatome  The unilateral area of skin innervated by the fibers of a single spinal nerve is called a dermatome; the unilateral muscle mass receiving innervation from the fibers conveyed by a single spinal nerve is a myotome Lufukuja G.20

21. Applied anatomy Referred pain  Referred pain, also called reflective pain, is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus. An example is the case of ischemia brought on by a myocardial infarction (heart attack), where pain is often felt in the neck, shoulders, and back rather than in the chest, the site of the injury. Lufukuja G.21

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