1. Introduction to Electronics Part II: Analog versus Digital 24 July 2012 Clive (Max) Maxfield

2. Different Ways to View the World 2

3. Do we Really Care About Analog? Increasing use of sensors – Automotive (airbags, brakes, navigation…) – Communications (servers, switches, infrastructure…) – White Goods (washers, dryers, microwaves…) – Consumer (cameras, tablets, smart phones/TVs…) – Industrial (HMIs, lighting, manufacturing, control…) – Medical (heart, blood pressure, oxygen, glucose…) The majority of sensors are inherently analog in nature 3

4. Different Types of Sensors (just a few examples…) 4

5. Multi-Valued Digital Signals 5

6. Analog vs. Digital Views 6

7. Brick Suspended by Elastic 7

8. Analog Waveform 8

9. Digital Waveform (2 Quanta) 9

10. Digital Waveform (5 Quanta) 10

11. Analog to Digital (and Back Again) 11 A/D = Analog-to-Digital; Another term is ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) D/A = Digital-to-Analog; Another term is DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

12. Analog-to-Digital Conversion 12

13. Sampling and Quantization 13

14. Digital-to-Analog Conversion 14

15. Analog Signal Processing (ASP) 15

16. 16 Analog Signal Processing (ASP)

17. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 17

18. DSP versus DSP 18 Problem: y = (a * b) + (c * d) + (e * f) General-purpose MPU or MCU Standalone chip Hard core in ASIC/SoC or FPGA Special-purpose DSP (Digital Signal Processor) Standalone chip Hard IP core in ASIC/SoC Hardware accelerator DSP algorithm/function Hard IP core in ASIC/SoC or Soft IP core in FPGA

19. Old (and Not-So Old) Oscilloscopes 19

20. Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope 20 www.oscium.com

21. Digital Design – Logic Analyzer 21 www.oscium.com

22. Further Reading 22