2. Structure Notes

3. Mapping of Concept DNA Replication DNA Location Structure

4. Where is it located? Prokaryotic Cells: The cytoplasm Eukaryotic Cells: The nucleus (in the center of the cell)

5. What is DNA? 1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid 2. A Double Helix Chain

6. What is a gene? Our DNA is made of many genes linked together (like recipes in a cookbook) A gene is the directions for making 1 protein. Hello, I’m Gene!!!

7. Functions of DNA: Why is it important? 1.Carries genetic information from parent to child 2.Used for making proteins in our bodies

8. STRUCTURE of DNA 1. A Nucleotide = Basic Unit of DNA

9. 3 Parts of a Nucleotide 1. Sugar (deoxyribose) 2. Phosphate (PO 4 ) 3. Nitrogenous Base

10. Here is a nucleotide…  the phosphate (PO 4 )  the sugar (deoxyribose)  a nitrogenous base

11. PARTS 1 and 2 The sugars and the phosphate groups are the same in a given DNA strand, but the nitrogenous bases differ.

12. Nitrogenous Bases A – Adenine T – Thymine C – Cytosine G – Guanine

13. Which nitrogenous bases bond together? A=T C=G Chargaff’s Rule for base pairing: A bonds with T C bonds with G

14. DNA Replication: Q: Why does DNA replicate (copy itself)? A: When cells divide, each new cell needs an exact copy of the DNA that was in the old cell.

15. STEP 1: Double Helix Untwists

16. STEP 2: An enzyme unwinds and separates the two DNA strands

17. As the weak Hydrogen Bonds break…... …the double helix chain opens Enzyme

18. Step 3 : New nucleotides enter and bond to open bases new nucleotide

19. STEP 4: Two identical chains are formed and they re-twist into the double helix shape.

20. The Future???? DNA ANIMATION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdDkiRw1PdU HHMI CLIP http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jtmOZaIvS0 DNA SONG http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyI2mYfbbxk