1. What are topographic maps? 2-D map that uses contour lines to represent 3-D elevation Overhead view of elevation (as if we were flying over the landform in a balloon) Contour lines are lines that connect points of equal elevation

2. What are Contour Intervals? The interval on a contour map is the value of the difference between each contour line. The closer the contour lines are to each other, the steeper the gradient  “The closer the lines, the steeper the climb!” Gradient = Elevation Difference Distance

3. 1. All points along the same contour line are at the same elevation. 2. All contour lines connect with themselves, either on a map or beyond its margins. 3. Contour lines never cross each other. * These rules are the same for all isomaps!!* Basics of Topographic Maps

4. Benchmarks Sometimes a contour map will indicate the highest elevation of a point by marking it with a symbol. The benchmark will always be higher than the last contour line drawn but less than what the next contour line would be. What could be the value of this benchmark?

5. Hachured Lines Little lines drawn on the contour line represent downward changes in elevation (like a hole) The first contour line that has hachured lines will have the same elevation as the contour line that came before it on the map. Rule: If the hachured lines are in between two contour lines, use the lower value as your starting elevation.

6. Streams and Rivers Streams and rivers are not contour lines. Do not use them to calculate interval. Do not use them to calculate gradient. Do not use them to draw a profile. Water will always flow from high to low elevation. Contour lines will bend in the opposite direction of water flow

7. 1. What is the lowest possible elevation of point B? 2. Toward which direction does Moose Creek flow? 3. Which hilltop could have an elevation of 1,145 meters? 961 m SE G