1. Ch. 2 Protocol Architecture

2. 2.1 The Need for a Protocol Architecture Same set of layered functions need to exist in the two communicating systems. Key Features of a Protocol –Syntax--Concerns the format of the data blocks. –Semantics--Includes control information for coordination and error handling. –Timing--Includes speed matching and sequencing.

3. 2.2 A Simple Protocol Architecture Simplified Protocol Architecture (Fig. 2.1- -2.2) –Application (eg., File Transfer) –Transport (Communications Service Module) –Network Access

4. 2.3 The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture (Fig. 2.3) –Application –Transport (Host-to-Host) –Internet –Network Access –Physical

5. 2.3 (cont.) Fig. 2.4 TCP/IP Concepts Fig. 2.5 Protocol Data Units for TCP/IP Fig. 2.6 TCP and UDP Headers Fig. 2.7 IP Headers Fig. 2.8 TCP/IP Protocol Suite Fig. 2.9 Framework for Standardization