1. Engish 111 – 20 Nov. 2014

2. Attributive Tags…  Give a context for your evidence, signaling to your readers how it fits into your argument  Helps to suggest the authority, credibility, validity of your sources – In other words, it enhances your ethos as an author.

3. Attributive Tags for Definition By attributing a definition, you help readers understand the quality of that definition and whether it applies to the topic. According to school counselors and researchers Barbara Trolley and Constance Hanel, cyberbullying, defined broadly, is the use of electronic means to harm someone else (33). Cyberbullying, defined broadly, is the use of electronic means to harm someone else (Trolley and Hanel 33). From Littleton 138 in The Brief McGraw-Hill Handbook

4. Attributive Tags for Facts & Stats By attributing a fact or statistic, it helps ensure the information is legit, that it came from a potentially non- biased and informed source. According to a recent study by the University of Central Floria, of the fifty-six Division I football teams selected to play in the 2006 Bowl games, twenty-three teams […] received an APR below 925, and twenty-seven teams had a graduation rate of under 50% (Wolverton). Of the fifty-six Division I football teams selected to play in the 2006 Bowl games, twenty-three teams […] received an APR below 925, and twenty-seven teams had a graduation rate of under 50% (Wolverton). From Katz 576 in The McGraw-Hill Guide

5. Attributive Tags for Definitions Attributing opinion is essential because opinion is virtually useless if readers cannot ascertain whose opinion it is and the expertise or authority the person has on the subject. However, researcher Shaheen Shariff suggests that an imbalance in power between perpetrator and victim—rather than individual characteristics-is the cause of [cyberbullying] within any age group (16). However, an imbalance in power between perpetrator and victim—rather than individual characteristics-is the cause of [cyberbullying] within any age group (Shariff 16). From Littleton 136 in The Brief McGraw-Hill Handbook

6. Attributive Tags for Policies or Laws Attributing policies or laws is important because policies or laws are written by specific institutions or governments and only apply to those institutions or locations. Readers find it helpful to know the context of the law to see how it fits your argument. To become a member of the NCAA and gain the privilege of […] obtaining a sports scholarship at a Division I or Division II college, incoming freshmen must graduate from high school, complete at least fourteen core courses […], have a minimum grade point average of 2.0, and achieve a minimum score of 820 on the SAT (Online). Incoming freshmen must graduate from high school, complete at least fourteen core courses […], have a minimum grade point average of 2.0, and achieve a minimum score of 820 on the SAT [to play and receive athletic aid] (Online). From Katz 575 in The McGraw-Hill Guide

7. Attributive Tags for Examples Since examples are specific cases, readers must at least know where or when they occurred, as well as how the example applies to your argument. Big problems have in fact already happened at the University of Colorado, where a recruiting aide was indicted for improper conduct after a three-month grand-jury investigation of illegal recruiting practices, including allegations of sexual assault (Lambert). A recruiting aide was indicted for improper conduct after a three-month grand-jury investigation of illegal recruiting practices, including allegations of sexual assault (Lambert). From DeRosa 274 in The McGraw-Hill Guide

8. WARNING: Do not drop in quotes Dropped quote: Although the bald eagle is still listed as an endangered species, its ever-increasing population is very encouraging. “The bald eagle seems to have stabilized its population, at the very least, almost everywhere” (Shepperd 83). Instead, attribute by making the quotation part of one of your sentences: Although the bald eagle is still listed as an endangered species, its ever-increasing population is very encouraging, for according to ornithologist Jay Sheppard, “The bald eagle seems to have stabilized its population, at the very least, almost everywhere” (Shepperd 83).

9. And attribute persuasively DO NOT refer to article title: DO NOT refer to author alone*: According to the article Identity theft reported by households, 2005-2010, 8.6 million American households has at least one person who was a victim of identity theft (Langton, 2011). According to Lynn Langton (2011), 8.6 million American households has at least one person who was a victim of identity theft. *If you’ve already given the author’s credentials earlier in the draft, then you can just use the author’s last name thereafter.

10. And attribute persuasively Instead, refer to the author and the author’s credentials: OR refer to the publication or source (if it sounds more credible): According to a report by statistician Lynn Langton (2011), 8.6 million American households has at least one person who was a victim of identity theft. According the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics website, 8.6 million American households has at least one person who was a victim of identity theft (Langton, 2011). From Demedeiros 412 in The McGraw-Hill Guide