1. Enter Question Text
Wonderful
Fantastic
Amazing

2. Which of the following is an example of a respondent behavior?
studying for a test
blushing when embarrassed
thanking someone for their help
sniffing to locate the source of a strange odor
asking for a raise

3. In which form of learning is behavior said to be influenced by its consequences?
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
latent learning
insight

4. classical conditioning. latent learning. observational learning.
Learning associations between one's own personal actions and resulting events is most relevant to the process of
classical conditioning.
latent learning.
observational learning.
operant conditioning.
insight.

5. primary reinforcement. classical conditioning. spontaneous recovery.
Ever since his mother began to give Julio gold stars for keeping his bed dry all night, Julio discontinued his habit of bed-wetting. His change in behavior best illustrates the value of
primary reinforcement.
classical conditioning.
spontaneous recovery.
operant conditioning.
latent learning.

6. B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E. L. Thorndike had called
shaping.
behaviorism.
observational learning.
the law of effect.
latent learning.

7. Team Scores
Points
Team

8. intermittent reinforcement.
Cats received a fish reward whenever they maneuvered themselves out of an enclosed puzzle box. With successive trials, the cats escaped from the box with increasing speed. This illustrates
latent learning.
the law of effect.
respondent behavior.
spontaneous recovery.
intermittent reinforcement.

9. Shaping is a(n) ________ procedure.
latent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
cognitive mapping

10. What percentage of your current points would you like to wager on the next question?0%
25%
50%
75%
100%

11. You would be most likely to use operant conditioning to teach a dog to
fear cars in the street.
dislike the taste of dead birds.
wag its tail whenever it is emotionally excited.
retrieve sticks and balls.
salivate when presented with food.

12. Team Scores
Points
Team

13. Which of the following is true of positive and negative reinforcers?
Positive reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding; negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding.
Positive reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding; negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding.
Positive reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding; negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding.
Positive reinforcers have no effect on the rate of operant responding; negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding.
Positive reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding; negative reinforcers have no effect on the rate of operant responding.

14. unconditioned response. conditioned response. negative reinforcer.
Every Saturday morning, Arnold quickly washes the family's breakfast dishes so that his father will allow him to wash his car. In this instance, washing the car is a(n)
positive reinforcer.
unconditioned response.
conditioned response.
negative reinforcer.
punishment.

15. Any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response is called a(n)
conditioned stimulus.
unconditioned stimulus.
positive reinforcer.
negative reinforcer.
positive punishment.

16. Receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as ________ is to ________.
positive reinforcer; negative reinforcer
primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcer
immediate reinforcer; delayed reinforcer
reinforcement; punishment
partial reinforcement; continuous reinforcement

17. Innately satisfying stimuli that fulfill biological needs are called ________ reinforcers.
fixed
primary
positive
continuous
unconditioned

18. Which of the following is the best example of a conditioned reinforcer?
applause for an excellent piano recital
a spanking for eating cookies before dinner
a cold root beer for mowing the lawn on a hot day
termination of shock after removing one's finger from a live electric wire
pudding for eating all your peas at supper

19. What percentage of your current points would you like to wager on the next question?0%
25%
50%
75%
100%

20. unconditioned conditioned partial immediate primary
Most animals are best conditioned through reinforcers delivered immediately after the desired behavior is performed. What are these reinforcers called?
unconditioned
conditioned
partial
immediate
primary

21. Team Scores
Points
Team

22. immediate reinforcement. partial reinforcement.
Despite the painful hangovers that follow his use of alcohol, Boris continues to drink because just a couple of drinks begin to reduce his anxiety. His continued drinking most clearly illustrates the power of
generalization.
spontaneous recovery.
extinction.
immediate reinforcement.
partial reinforcement.

23. Four-year-old Della asks her mother for a special treat every time they go to the grocery store. At first her mother granted every request, but now she does so less consistently. Research suggests that Della will
soon give up asking for a treat entirely.
come to ask for a treat only occasionally.
continue to ask for a treat nearly every time she goes to the store.
ask for a treat every time her mother takes her out, even if they don't go to the grocery store.
begin to ask for treats every time she sees her mother.

24. fixed-interval fixed-ratio variable-interval variable-ratio
Luana edits manuscripts for a publisher and is paid $25 for every three pages she edits. Luana is reinforced on a ________ schedule.
fixed-interval
fixed-ratio
variable-interval
variable-ratio
partial-interval

25. Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a ________ schedule.
fixed-interval
intermittent-continuous
fixed-ratio
variable-ratio
variable-interval

26. A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)
unpredictable time period has elapsed.
specified time period has elapsed.
specified number of responses has been made.
unpredictable number of responses has been made.
the desired behavior is performed a set number of times.

27. fixed-interval partial-interval variable-ratio variable-interval
An executive in a computer software firm works with his office door closed. At the same time every hour he opens the door to see what his employees are doing. The employees have learned to work especially hard during the five minutes before and while the door is open. Their work pattern is typical of responses that are reinforced on a ________ schedule.
fixed-interval
partial-interval
variable-ratio
variable-interval
fixed-ratio

28. A variable-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)
specified time period has elapsed.
unpredictable number of responses has been made.
specified number of responses has been made.
unpredictable time period has elapsed.
number of responses is performed in a specific time period.

29. continuous-immediate
A choppy stop-start pattern of operant responding is associated with the ________ schedule of reinforcement.
fixed-ratio
fixed-interval
variable-ratio
variable-interval
continuous-immediate

30. fixed-ratio immediate-interval variable-ratio variable-interval
A slow but steady rate of operant responding is associated with the ________ schedule of reinforcement.
fixed-ratio
immediate-interval
variable-ratio
variable-interval
fixed-interval

31. An event that decreases the behavior that precedes it is a
negative reinforcer.
punishment.
conditioned stimulus.
delayed reinforcer.
secondary reinforcer.

32. Which of the following is true of negative reinforcement and punishment?
Negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding; punishments decrease the rate of operant responding.
Negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding; punishments increase the rate of operant responding.
Negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding; punishments decrease the rate of operant responding.
Negative reinforcers have no effect on the rate of operant responding; punishments decrease the rate of operant responding.
Negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding; punishments have no effect on the rate of operant responding.

33. Punishment is a potentially hazardous way for teachers to control young children's behaviors because
the more severely children are punished for undesirable behaviors, the more likely they will exhibit those behaviors.
children will forget how to perform punished behaviors even when the behaviors may be justified and necessary.
the use of punishment could condition children to fear and avoid school.
punishment cannot temporarily restrain undesirable behaviors.
although punishments delivered by parents can be effective, teacher-delivered punishments usually have little effect.

34. conditioned reinforce. positive punishment. negative punishment.
A young child who is spanked after running into the street learns not to repeat this behavior. In this case, the spanking is a
positive reinforcer.
conditioned reinforce.
positive punishment.
negative punishment.
negative reinforcer.

35. Revoking the driver's license of a reckless driver is intended to serve as a
negative reinforcement.
positive reinforcement.
negative punishment.
positive punishment.
punishing reinforcer.

36. What percentage of your current points would you like to wager on the next question? Your last question 0%
25%
50%
75%
100%

37. According to B. F. Skinner, human behavior is controlled primarily by
biological predispositions.
external influences.
emotions.
unconscious motives.
conscious thoughts.

38. Team Scores
Points
Team