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BLOOD 一、 CONSTRUCTION Plasma (I.M.) : 55% Hemocytes(cells) : 45% erythrocytes leucocytes blood platelets * hematocrit(packed red cell volume, 红细胞压积 ):

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Presentation on theme: "BLOOD 一、 CONSTRUCTION Plasma (I.M.) : 55% Hemocytes(cells) : 45% erythrocytes leucocytes blood platelets * hematocrit(packed red cell volume, 红细胞压积 ):"— Presentation transcript:

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2 BLOOD

3 一、 CONSTRUCTION Plasma (I.M.) : 55% Hemocytes(cells) : 45% erythrocytes leucocytes blood platelets * hematocrit(packed red cell volume, 红细胞压积 ): 45% Plasma Leucocytes & Platelets Erythrocyte *using anticoagulants

4 components same as that of plasma but fibrinogen 90% water albumin 10% others : fibrinogen  plasma pr. enzymes Ig. etc.  Lipid  hormones  Vitamins  inorganic salts  metabolites 1. Plasma serum Blood clots Serum

5 瑞特氏染色( Wright’s stain ) 、基姆萨染色( Giemsa )等。 染液组成 伊红 美蓝 O2O2 天青 可显示 : 嗜酸性结构 嗜碱性结构 中性结构 嗜天青结构 blood smear stainsblood smear stains w/ Wright or Giemsa w/ Wright or Giemsa

6 Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets blood smearblood smear

7 BLOOD CELLS Erythrocytes: 4.2 ~ 5.5×10 12 /L(M) 3.5 ~ 5.0×10 12 /L(F) *Hb: 120 ~ 150g/L(M) ; 105 ~ 135g/L(F) Leukocytes: 4 ~ 10×10 9 /L neutrophils 50 ~ 70% Granulocytes eosinophils 0.5 ~ 3 % basophils 0 ~ 1% Agranulocytes lymphocytes 20 ~ 30% monocytes 3 ~ 8% Platelets: 100 ~ 300×10 9 /L

8 Erythrocyte  biconcave discs , 7.5 ~ 8.5μm , flexible  no nuclei , no organelles  rich in Hb : 105 ~ 150g/L  blood group (ABO; Rh…):

9 扫描电镜

10 PLASMALEMMA RBC CYTOSKELETON ACTIN FILAMENTS SPECTRIN 血影蛋白 肌动蛋白丝 质膜

11  Function Binding & transporting O 2 and CO 2 In lungs In organs & tissues CO 2 +HbO 2 HbCO 2 +O 2

12  Anemia : R.B.C < 3×10 12 /L or Hb< 100g/L megaloblastic anemia ( 巨细胞贫血 ) : >9 μm iron deficiency anemia: ( 缺铁性贫血 ) <6 μm  Osmotic stress abnormal: hypotonic ( 低滲 ) : RBC swelling & hemolysis (remain ghost 血影 ) ; hypertonic ( 高滲 ): RBC collapsing Pathology

13  0.5 ~ 1.5%  containing ribosomes & Mit. (stained by brilliant cresyl blue)  increase in anemia  Indicator of hematopo- ietic capacity of the bone marrow.  Reticulocytes

14 Leukocytes   Spherical, nucleate & colorless  Contain specific or nonspecific gralules  Amoeboid movement  Phagocytosis except for lymphocytes  Involved in defense against foreign materials

15 Leukocytes: 4 ~ 10 × 10 9 /L neutrophil 50 ~ 70% Granulocyte eosinophil 0.5 ~ 3 % basophil 0 ~ 1% Agranulocyte lymphocyte 20 ~ 30% monocyte 3 ~ 8%

16 A. Neutrophils D=10 ~ 12μm; Nuclear: polymorphous 2 ~ 5 lobes increase w/ the age of the cells. Specific Granules: 80%, fine (0.3 ~ 0.4μm ) neutrophilic (light reddish) Azurophilic granules: 20%, larger, purple ( 嗜天青颗粒 )

17 E.M. S.G.: medium-dense containing A.K.P, phagocytins lysozymes A.G.: lysosomes containing A.C.P. peroxidase

18 Function  Mobility(chemotaxis): Attracted by polymorpho- nuclear chemotactic factor (released by macrophages)  Phagocytose & destroy bacteria: the number of leukocytes↑ acute the % of neutrophils↑ bacteria infection ** cell mark: peroxidase and CD 15

19 B. Eosinophilis D = 10 ~ 15μm; Nu.: 2 ~ 5 lobes S.G.: uniformity, large (0.5 ~ 1.0μm ), bright red or orange (acidophilic)

20 S.G.: ovoid, w/ granule matrix & a elongated crystalloid core Containing: acid phosphatase, peroxidase, histaminase. E.M.

21 Function  Chemotaxis: attracted by chemotactic factor from the mast cells  Phagocytize: foreign bodies, Ag-Ab complex  Release histaminase: inactivate histamine for weakening allergic reaction  Antiparasite * It is increased in patients infected w/ allergic reaction or parasite

22 C. Basophilics D = 10 ~ 12μm Nucleus: irregular or S-shaped S.G.: large (various size), basophilic (dark blue), cover nuclear, distribute unevenly & metachromasia

23 EM & FN  E.M.: S.G. w/ fine grains, containing heparin, histamine, leukotriene  F.N.: anticoagulate responsible to allergic reaction

24 D. Monocytes  Largest, 14 ~ 20μm, bluish-grey staining  Nu.: kidney- or horseshoe-shaped w/ delicate net-like Chromatin  Cytoplasm: abundant, gray blue, w/ fine azurophilic granules

25 E.M : A.G.: lysosomes (peroxidase, A.C.P., non-specific esterase); Phagocytic vacuoles F.N. :  amoeboid movement & obvious chemotaxis  Phagocytosis (mono- nuclear phagocytic system, MPS)  differentiate into macrophage (out B.V.) **mark: CD 14

26 E. Lymphocytes 3 types: small 6 ~ 8μm; medium-sized 9 ~ 12μm; large 13 ~ 20μm Small lymphocyte(90%): LM: Round or ovoid; Nu.: sphericity w/ indentation, condensed chromatin, dark staining. Cytoplasm: scanty, as a thin rim in light-blue w/ azurophilic granules lacking peroxidase

27 Large lymphocytemedium lymphocyte small lymphocyte

28 Classification* function# T-Cell: 75% cellular immunity B-Cell: 10-15% humoral immunity large granule lymphocyte (K & NK cell) * based on the source, characteristics on cellular membrane, life & function # immunological defence Classification & Function

29 Blood platelets  Megakaryocyte’ s fragment, in clumps  LM: 2 ~ 4μm , disc-like or irregular, anucleated. Two regions: ① Granulomere: centrally- located, purple-blue granules. ② Hyalomere: peripherally located, in light-blue.

30 ① cell coat: rich in GAG & glycoproteins associated to platelet adhesion; ② M.T. system: a. opening tubule system: to increase the surface area for platelet adhesion. b. dense tubule system: sER, support, collect Ca 2+ and synthesize prostaglandin E.M.:

31 ③ actin-like M.F: mobile. ④ granules: a. αgranules (special granules): containing blood clotting factors (12 types found so far), fibrinogen & acidic hydrolases. b. dense granules: serotonin (5-HT), ADP, ATP, Ca 2+ & adrenine

32 Function 1. Hemostasia: collagenous fiber in injure area platelet release serotonin contraction of b.v. slow & stop bleeding. 2. Coagulation: thrombogen coagulation factor III thrombase Fibrinogen Fibrin hemocyte coagulation 3. Protect blood vessel endothelium, repairing endothelium, prevent atherosclerosis ( 动脉硬化 )

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34 二、 Hematopoiesis Hematopoietic organ yolk sac ( early embryo) →Liver / spleen (6w—5m) → bone marrow (4m and after) Structure of bone marrow red bone marrow: hematopoietic tissue + blood sinusoid yellow bone marrow: adipose tissue + immature hemocyte

35 Red bone marrow  hematopoietic tissue: reticular c.t. + hemocytes in various stage, macrophages, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells  blood sinusoid: discontinuous endothelia, incomplete BM

36 Hemopoietic stem cell (HSP) and Hemopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) Hemopoietic stem cell self-replication powerful proliferation potency multi-differentiation Potency Mark:CD34, CDw 90 Hemopoietic progenitor c. Unipotential or bipotential Produce mature blood c. Erythron granulocyte series monocyte series megakaryocyte series * Lymphocytes derived from lymphatic organs & tissues

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38 Pb: 原红 Be: 早幼红 Pe: 中幼红 晚幼红 Erythrocyte series

39 Mb: 原粒 Pm: 早幼粒 Mb M,Ma,Mb: 中幼粒 M1 :晚幼粒 Neutrophilic series

40 Morphologic criteria of haemopoiesis ① Stages: the original stage the infant stage the mature stage ② Cell volume:↓, megakaryocytes:↑ ③ cytoplasm: ↑ , ratio of Nu./ cytoplasm:↓ ① Stages: the original stage the infant stage the mature stage ② Cell volume:↓, megakaryocytes:↑ ③ cytoplasm: ↑ , ratio of Nu./ cytoplasm:↓

41 ④ Nucleus: size↓(RBC: abesent; megakaryocytes↑ ) nucleoli: number & size↓, until disappear chromatin: fine & scanty → coarse & dense; staining: pale → deep ⑤ S.G in granulocytes & Hb in erythrocytes:↑ other organelles in red cell↓until disappear ⑥ mitotic ability:↓, until disappear ( but lymphocyte)

42 Question

43 BYE BYE


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